Pub Date : 2021-06-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2021.02.001
A. Mays, M. M. Abdulrasool, Mustafa Mudhafar, H. Alsailawi, A. M. Bashi, M. RuaaK., Assad Abbas Khalaf
{"title":"Relationship of Reproductive Hormones and Fertility in Patients with Beta-Thalassemia Major","authors":"A. Mays, M. M. Abdulrasool, Mustafa Mudhafar, H. Alsailawi, A. M. Bashi, M. RuaaK., Assad Abbas Khalaf","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2021.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2021.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46945417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2021.02.002
H. Alsailawi, Mustafa Mudhafar, Ruaa K. Mohammed, A. M. Bashi, A. D. Mays, M. M. Abdulrasool, A. Khalaf
{"title":"Clinical Implications of Cross-Reactive Shellfish Allergens","authors":"H. Alsailawi, Mustafa Mudhafar, Ruaa K. Mohammed, A. M. Bashi, A. D. Mays, M. M. Abdulrasool, A. Khalaf","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2021.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2021.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46238781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2021.01.001
G. D. Leirose, M. Grenier-loustalot, A. H. Oliveira
{"title":"Multi-isotope Analysis of Tartaric Acid Derivative: Potassium Bitartrate","authors":"G. D. Leirose, M. Grenier-loustalot, A. H. Oliveira","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2021.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2021.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43475749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2021.01.003
Khatia Merabishvili
After 2014, capillary electrophoresis (Fig. 1) has become an efficient method for carbohydrate evaluation. The methodology features a large resolution capable of distinguishing carbohydrates by the ratio of charge to scale. These primary features heavily focus on N-glycans, which seem to be extremely relevant for biological therapeutics and biomarker researches. Innovations in tools used during molecular or structural recognition of N-glycan involve time-indexing of migration and lectin profiling, also exoglycosidase along with mass spectrometry. Techniques of capillary electrophoresis have been formed that are able to separate glycans with the same sequence of simple sugars similar to other instruments but it can detect different positional isomers, and also specify whether alpha or beta is linked to monosaccharides comprising glycans. Based on the significant accomplishments of capillary electrophoresis to glycoscience from 2014 to the present, as addressed in this study, groundbreaking, evolving techniques in the field are highlighted and the potential direction of the technique is predicted. Fig. 1 Capillary electrophoresis working simple visual representation.
{"title":"Oligosaccharides and Glycan Separation via Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled with Mass Spectroscopy","authors":"Khatia Merabishvili","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2021.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2021.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"After 2014, capillary electrophoresis (Fig. 1) has become an efficient method for carbohydrate evaluation. The methodology features a large resolution capable of distinguishing carbohydrates by the ratio of charge to scale. These primary features heavily focus on N-glycans, which seem to be extremely relevant for biological therapeutics and biomarker researches. Innovations in tools used during molecular or structural recognition of N-glycan involve time-indexing of migration and lectin profiling, also exoglycosidase along with mass spectrometry. Techniques of capillary electrophoresis have been formed that are able to separate glycans with the same sequence of simple sugars similar to other instruments but it can detect different positional isomers, and also specify whether alpha or beta is linked to monosaccharides comprising glycans. Based on the significant accomplishments of capillary electrophoresis to glycoscience from 2014 to the present, as addressed in this study, groundbreaking, evolving techniques in the field are highlighted and the potential direction of the technique is predicted. Fig. 1 Capillary electrophoresis working simple visual representation.","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47522792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2021.01.002
Juan F. Facetti Masulli, P. Kump, M. Delgado
{"title":"Provenance, Guideline Values and Trace and Minor Elements in Bottom Sediments of Tebicuary River and Tapiracuai Stream from Eastern Paraguay by X-Ray Fluorescence","authors":"Juan F. Facetti Masulli, P. Kump, M. Delgado","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2021.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2021.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43938369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2020.04.003
Stephen Olaribigbe Majekodunmi, Margaret Ekong Dickson
A tablet matrix system was developed for ibuprofen and the influence of the polymer blend and concentration on the release rate of the drug was evaluated. Tablets containing different concentrations of calcium silicate and PVP (polyvinyl pyrrolidone) were prepared using direct compression and the weight uniformity, crushing strength, friability, drug content uniformity, dissolution profile, and in vitro release kinetics were examined. Formulated tablets were found to be within the official acceptable limits of physical and chemical parameters except for the thickness test that was below the conformation of extended-release tablets. The crushing strength of the tablets was in the range of 2.5 to 5.6 kg/f, the weight variations of the tablets of all the formulation was less than ± 5%. The friability of all the formulations was in the range of 0.6% to 1.83%. Tablet thickness and diameter was in range of 3.18 mm to 4.48 mm and 12.53 mm to 12.64 mm respectively. Absolute drug contents of all the formulations were found to be in range of 83.50% to 98%. The release kinetic of F3 containing 20 mg of calcium silicate, 40 mg of PVP as matrix formers showed the best linearity (r = 0.6975) with % drug release of 96 showing that combination of the two polymers (20 mg calcium silicate and 40 mg PVP) for use as a matrix former is best for extended-release formulation of ibuprofen.
{"title":"Development of Extended-Release Formulation of Ibuprofen Using Blends of Calcium Silicate and Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone as Tablet Matrix","authors":"Stephen Olaribigbe Majekodunmi, Margaret Ekong Dickson","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2020.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2020.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"A tablet matrix system was developed for ibuprofen and the influence of the polymer blend and concentration on the release rate of the drug was evaluated. Tablets containing different concentrations of calcium silicate and PVP (polyvinyl pyrrolidone) were prepared using direct compression and the weight uniformity, crushing strength, friability, drug content uniformity, dissolution profile, and in vitro release kinetics were examined. Formulated tablets were found to be within the official acceptable limits of physical and chemical parameters except for the thickness test that was below the conformation of extended-release tablets. The crushing strength of the tablets was in the range of 2.5 to 5.6 kg/f, the weight variations of the tablets of all the formulation was less than ± 5%. The friability of all the formulations was in the range of 0.6% to 1.83%. Tablet thickness and diameter was in range of 3.18 mm to 4.48 mm and 12.53 mm to 12.64 mm respectively. Absolute drug contents of all the formulations were found to be in range of 83.50% to 98%. The release kinetic of F3 containing 20 mg of calcium silicate, 40 mg of PVP as matrix formers showed the best linearity (r = 0.6975) with % drug release of 96 showing that combination of the two polymers (20 mg calcium silicate and 40 mg PVP) for use as a matrix former is best for extended-release formulation of ibuprofen.","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67524775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2020.04.002
Intisar Salih Ahmed, Damra Elhaj Mustafa
Carissa edulis Vahl is well known in Sudanese herbal medicine, commonly used for treatment of epilepsy, headache, chest pains, rheumatism, skin lesions, mania and other psychoactive diseases. The investigations of the safety use for psychoactive purposes in Sudanese healing traditions and identifying secondary metabolites of the plant extracts are the key steps towards determination of appropriate medicinal doses. Therefore, one of the chemical constituents was isolated and structurally identified by H-NMR and LC-MS. With the aim of evaluating Carissa edulis folk random uses, the isolated compound was compared with reference artificial drugs Lormetazepam, a potentially toxic compound. Structure investigations confirm that the isolated product was benzodiazepines analogous 7-chloro 1,4-benzodiazepine-2-ones. It is important to know the potential toxicity of certain plant in order to assess the therapeutic effect of it, as these are slight distinctions between the medicinal and toxic doses. In general the results obtained justify the use of the roots of Carissa edulis in traditional medicine for the treatment of some psychiatric diseases.
{"title":"Psychoactive Chemical Constituents of Carissa edulis (Forssk.) Vahl Roots and Its Safety Limits in Folk Treatment: Benzodiazepines Analogous","authors":"Intisar Salih Ahmed, Damra Elhaj Mustafa","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2020.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2020.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"Carissa edulis Vahl is well known in Sudanese herbal medicine, commonly used for treatment of epilepsy, headache, chest pains, rheumatism, skin lesions, mania and other psychoactive diseases. The investigations of the safety use for psychoactive purposes in Sudanese healing traditions and identifying secondary metabolites of the plant extracts are the key steps towards determination of appropriate medicinal doses. Therefore, one of the chemical constituents was isolated and structurally identified by H-NMR and LC-MS. With the aim of evaluating Carissa edulis folk random uses, the isolated compound was compared with reference artificial drugs Lormetazepam, a potentially toxic compound. Structure investigations confirm that the isolated product was benzodiazepines analogous 7-chloro 1,4-benzodiazepine-2-ones. It is important to know the potential toxicity of certain plant in order to assess the therapeutic effect of it, as these are slight distinctions between the medicinal and toxic doses. In general the results obtained justify the use of the roots of Carissa edulis in traditional medicine for the treatment of some psychiatric diseases.","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67524114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2020.03.001
Ignazio Renato Bellobono, F. Groppi, M. Sturini, A. Albini, F. Morazzoni
Photomineralization of methane in air (10.0-1,000 ppm (mass/volume) of C) at 100% relative humidity (dioxygen as oxygen donor), was systematically studied at 318 ± 3 K, in an annular laboratory-scale reactor, by photocatalytic membranes immobilising titanium dioxide and tungsten trioxide as co-photocatalysts. Kinetics of both substrate disappearance, to yield intermediates, and total organic carbon (TOC) disappearance, to yield carbon dioxide, were followed. A kinetic model was employed, from which, by a set of differential equations, four final optimised parameters, k1 and K1, k2 and K2, were calculated, able to fit the whole kinetic profile adequately. Modelling of quantum yields, as a function of substrate concentration and irradiance, as well as of concentration of photocatalysts, was carried out very satisfactorily. Kinetics of hydroxyl radicals reacting between themselves, leading to hydrogen peroxide, other than with substrate or intermediates leading to mineralization, were considered, paralleled by second competition kinetics involving superoxide radical anion. When using appropriate blends of the two photocatalysts, limiting quantum yields ∞ values increase considerably and approach the maximum allowable value for the investigated molecule, in a much wider range of irradiances than that shown by the single catalysts mainly at low irradiances. This may be interpreted by strong competition kinetics of superoxide radicals generated by the catalyst defects, in the corresponding range of high irradiances. By this way, operation at high irradiance values is possible, without losing any efficiency for the mineralization process.
{"title":"A Kinetic Approach to Photomineralization of Methane in Air by Membranes Based on TiO2/WO3","authors":"Ignazio Renato Bellobono, F. Groppi, M. Sturini, A. Albini, F. Morazzoni","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2020.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2020.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"Photomineralization of methane in air (10.0-1,000 ppm (mass/volume) of C) at 100% relative humidity (dioxygen as oxygen donor), was systematically studied at 318 ± 3 K, in an annular laboratory-scale reactor, by photocatalytic membranes immobilising titanium dioxide and tungsten trioxide as co-photocatalysts. Kinetics of both substrate disappearance, to yield intermediates, and total organic carbon (TOC) disappearance, to yield carbon dioxide, were followed. A kinetic model was employed, from which, by a set of differential equations, four final optimised parameters, k1 and K1, k2 and K2, were calculated, able to fit the whole kinetic profile adequately. Modelling of quantum yields, as a function of substrate concentration and irradiance, as well as of concentration of photocatalysts, was carried out very satisfactorily. Kinetics of hydroxyl radicals reacting between themselves, leading to hydrogen peroxide, other than with substrate or intermediates leading to mineralization, were considered, paralleled by second competition kinetics involving superoxide radical anion. When using appropriate blends of the two photocatalysts, limiting quantum yields ∞ values increase considerably and approach the maximum allowable value for the investigated molecule, in a much wider range of irradiances than that shown by the single catalysts mainly at low irradiances. This may be interpreted by strong competition kinetics of superoxide radicals generated by the catalyst defects, in the corresponding range of high irradiances. By this way, operation at high irradiance values is possible, without losing any efficiency for the mineralization process.","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":"14 1","pages":"73-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44069127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2020.03.002
H. Alsailawi, Mustafa Mudhafar, M. Abdulrasool
This paper reviews the quality changes that occur towards the food products during the frozen storage period. This research aims to determine the significant physical and chemical changes that had occurred onto the frozen foods. Indeed, refrigerated storage is the easiest way to preserve food within short handling time. Based on the observation, it was discovered that the kinetics reactions help to establish computer-aided quality, prediction models. In certain food products, the negative impact of temperature indicated the need for a thorough evaluation of the quality parameters of individual’s kinetics reaction. In general, a reasonable temperature to store food is -18 °C for most frozen foods, and this will retain the quality of commercial storage.
{"title":"Effect of Frozen Storage on the Quality of Frozen Foods—A Review","authors":"H. Alsailawi, Mustafa Mudhafar, M. Abdulrasool","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2020.03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2020.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews the quality changes that occur towards the food products during the frozen storage period. This research aims to determine the significant physical and chemical changes that had occurred onto the frozen foods. Indeed, refrigerated storage is the easiest way to preserve food within short handling time. Based on the observation, it was discovered that the kinetics reactions help to establish computer-aided quality, prediction models. In certain food products, the negative impact of temperature indicated the need for a thorough evaluation of the quality parameters of individual’s kinetics reaction. In general, a reasonable temperature to store food is -18 °C for most frozen foods, and this will retain the quality of commercial storage.","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48827532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-28DOI: 10.17265/1934-7375/2020.03.003
H. Flores, E. Santos, Lejarazo Eva
During the ongoing 2020 CoVid-19 crisis, the use of remote meeting technologies such as ZoomTM, Microsoft TeamsTM and Google MeetingsTM has been paramount to theoretical teaching in a safe socially distanced environment. However, several problems arise when there is a need for an experimental approach. This paper looks at one of the possible solutions, including how to best separate the students, how to minimize close interactions and how a mixed environment of remote/presential teaching is required, minimizing the amount of extra materials, resources and protection equipment required, such that developing countries can quickly adopt this method, without the purchase of any external equipment.
{"title":"Remote Teaching of Experimental Chemistry in Developing Countries","authors":"H. Flores, E. Santos, Lejarazo Eva","doi":"10.17265/1934-7375/2020.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7375/2020.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"During the ongoing 2020 CoVid-19 crisis, the use of remote meeting technologies such as ZoomTM, Microsoft TeamsTM and Google MeetingsTM has been paramount to theoretical teaching in a safe socially distanced environment. However, several problems arise when there is a need for an experimental approach. This paper looks at one of the possible solutions, including how to best separate the students, how to minimize close interactions and how a mixed environment of remote/presential teaching is required, minimizing the amount of extra materials, resources and protection equipment required, such that developing countries can quickly adopt this method, without the purchase of any external equipment.","PeriodicalId":67212,"journal":{"name":"化学与化工:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46768113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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