保护泰国难民营中难民的人权:国际法对土著人民的补充作用

IF 1.3 Q1 LAW Laws Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI:10.3390/laws12030057
Loi Thi Ngoc Nguyen
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引用次数: 1

摘要

本文探讨了关于土著人民的国际法(ILIP)是否以及如何补充国际难民法(IRL)和国际人权法(IHRL)对泰国难民营难民的保护。目前,泰国境内有9万多名缅甸难民,被限制在泰缅边境的9个难民营内。这些难民属于不同的少数民族,但绝大多数是来自泰缅边境地区的克伦族土著人民。由于缅甸当局和部分缅甸人口的迫害,他们逃往泰国。迄今为止,泰国拒绝成为1951年《难民公约》或其1967年《议定书》的缔约国。该国未能建立庇护制度,其法律继续将难民视为“非法移民”。这些难民一直在极度不公平的条件下生存。我认为,在解决IRL和IHRL中的保护差距和限制方面,ILIP可以发挥关键作用。特别是,ILIP集体权利制度对于承认土著难民的特殊需要至关重要。因此,国际难民援助方案提供了一种强有力的工具,使国际法和人权法对土著难民的保护需要作出更积极的反应。
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Protecting the Human Rights of Refugees in Camps in Thailand: The Complementary Role of International Law on Indigenous Peoples
This paper investigates whether and how International Law on Indigenous Peoples (ILIP) can complement protections granted under International Refugee Law (IRL) and International Human Rights Law (IHRL) to refugees in camps in Thailand. Presently, there are over 90,000 refugees from Myanmar in Thailand, confined to nine camps along the Thailand–Myanmar border. These refugees belong to different ethnic minority groups, but the vast majority are Karen—Indigenous Peoples from the Thailand–Myanmar border regions. They have fled to Thailand due to persecution by Myanmar authorities and segments of the Myanmar population. To date, Thailand has refused to become a party to the 1951 Refugee Convention or its 1967 Protocol. The country has failed to develop an asylum system and its laws continue to regard refugees as ‘illegal migrants’. These refugees have been surviving in conditions of profound rightlessness. I posit that ILIP has a critical role to play in addressing the protection gaps and limitations in IRL and IHRL. In particular, the ILIP system of collective rights is vital in recognising the specific needs of refugees who are indigenous peoples. ILIP therefore provides a potent tool to make IRL and IHRL more responsive to the protection needs of indigenous refugees.
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来源期刊
Laws
Laws LAW-
CiteScore
2.00
自引率
16.70%
发文量
77
审稿时长
11 weeks
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