Persuasive factors on the bioink printability and cell viability in the extrusion-based 3D bioprinting for tissue regeneration applications

The extrusion-based bioprinting (EBBP) applications in the medical field tremendously increase due to its versatility in fabricating intricate geometry components with reasonable accuracy and precision. The bioink and its properties for an EBBP process are crucial in manufacturing parts with significant biocompatibility and functionality. The EBBP demands optimized parameters for obtaining good printability and cell viability. A better understanding of the various process parameters is essential for the researcher to optimize the mechanical and biological properties of the printed constructs. The biological, mechanical, and rheological parameters all together need to be evaluated to enhance the printability of tissue. This article concisely delineates the effect of the rheological and physiochemical parameters on the biological and mechanical properties of the printed tissues. The printing parameters and nozzle geometry, which considerably influence the printability, and shape fidelity of the bioprinted scaffolds are exemplified in detail. Additionally, the challenges and future aspects of enhancing printability are discussed succinctly.