二十世纪神经科学的假设:还原论和计算范式

IF 1 4区 综合性期刊 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Interdisciplinary Science Reviews Pub Date : 2022-12-23 DOI:10.1080/03080188.2022.2149736
D. Parker
{"title":"二十世纪神经科学的假设:还原论和计算范式","authors":"D. Parker","doi":"10.1080/03080188.2022.2149736","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The term neuroscience originated in the early 1960s, but the questions it asks date to antiquity. The nineteenth-century reticular view of the brain as a diffuse net-like synctium was negated by the neuron doctrine, but certain aspects (e.g. glial cells) are better described as a synctium. System views of the brain were popular in the first half of the twentieth century, but a reductionist focus has since dominated with the development of experimental tools that focus on components. This article will begin by considering twentieth-century views of both philosophers and scientists that highlight the tension between integrating in a field while retaining the ability to think critically. This will be illustrated by considering two common assumptions in neuroscience: that reductionist approaches will explain the brain; and the technological metaphor that sees the brain as a computer.","PeriodicalId":50352,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Science Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Assumptions of twentieth-century neuroscience: reductionist and computational paradigms\",\"authors\":\"D. Parker\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/03080188.2022.2149736\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"ABSTRACT The term neuroscience originated in the early 1960s, but the questions it asks date to antiquity. The nineteenth-century reticular view of the brain as a diffuse net-like synctium was negated by the neuron doctrine, but certain aspects (e.g. glial cells) are better described as a synctium. System views of the brain were popular in the first half of the twentieth century, but a reductionist focus has since dominated with the development of experimental tools that focus on components. This article will begin by considering twentieth-century views of both philosophers and scientists that highlight the tension between integrating in a field while retaining the ability to think critically. This will be illustrated by considering two common assumptions in neuroscience: that reductionist approaches will explain the brain; and the technological metaphor that sees the brain as a computer.\",\"PeriodicalId\":50352,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Interdisciplinary Science Reviews\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-12-23\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Interdisciplinary Science Reviews\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"103\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/03080188.2022.2149736\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"综合性期刊\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Interdisciplinary Science Reviews","FirstCategoryId":"103","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03080188.2022.2149736","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

摘要

神经科学这个术语起源于20世纪60年代初,但它提出的问题可以追溯到古代。19世纪的网状观点认为大脑是一个弥散的网状合体,这一观点被神经元学说所否定,但某些方面(如神经胶质细胞)被更好地描述为一个合体。大脑的系统观点在20世纪上半叶很流行,但自那以后,随着专注于组成部分的实验工具的发展,还原论的焦点占据了主导地位。本文将首先考虑20世纪哲学家和科学家的观点,这些观点强调了在一个领域整合与保持批判性思维能力之间的紧张关系。这将通过考虑神经科学中的两个常见假设来说明:还原论方法将解释大脑;以及把大脑看作一台计算机的技术隐喻。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
查看原文
分享 分享
微信好友 朋友圈 QQ好友 复制链接
本刊更多论文
Assumptions of twentieth-century neuroscience: reductionist and computational paradigms
ABSTRACT The term neuroscience originated in the early 1960s, but the questions it asks date to antiquity. The nineteenth-century reticular view of the brain as a diffuse net-like synctium was negated by the neuron doctrine, but certain aspects (e.g. glial cells) are better described as a synctium. System views of the brain were popular in the first half of the twentieth century, but a reductionist focus has since dominated with the development of experimental tools that focus on components. This article will begin by considering twentieth-century views of both philosophers and scientists that highlight the tension between integrating in a field while retaining the ability to think critically. This will be illustrated by considering two common assumptions in neuroscience: that reductionist approaches will explain the brain; and the technological metaphor that sees the brain as a computer.
求助全文
通过发布文献求助,成功后即可免费获取论文全文。 去求助
来源期刊
Interdisciplinary Science Reviews
Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 综合性期刊-综合性期刊
CiteScore
2.30
自引率
9.10%
发文量
20
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Interdisciplinary Science Reviews is a quarterly journal that aims to explore the social, philosophical and historical interrelations of the natural sciences, engineering, mathematics, medicine and technology with the social sciences, humanities and arts.
期刊最新文献
Sheffield Junior Art Department and how the Junior Art Department shaped the arts, crafts and design careers of its pupils and of its teachers in mid-twentieth-century Britain J. R. R. Tolkien's Legendarium as Heterodox Palaeoscience Towards an ecological mathematics Heuvelmans the Heretic and Hidden Animals From cryptids to kaijū: exploring heterodox palaeoscience with Godzilla
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
已复制链接
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
×
扫码分享
扫码分享
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1