飞机结构中Al−Cu−Mg和Al−Zn−Mg−Сu系统的结构铝合金。回顾

A. Prigunova, A. Neduzhyi
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Therefore, it is a common material for the manufacture of aircraft skins in the engine area, which is subject to heating. However, an increase in strength leads to a decrease in plasticity. Alloys based on the Al-Zn-Cu-Mg system (В95, В95пч, В95оч, В96, В96Ц, В96Ц1, В96Ц3, В94, В93, В92, etc.) are the most high-strength among deformable aluminum alloys, so they are widely used in responsible power elements of aircraft and rocket engineering in the form of pressed and forged products. The strongest of them is B96Ц, especially its modification B96Ц1, in which, unlike the B95 alloy, manganese and chromium are partially or completely replaced by zirconium. The B95 alloy has high compressive strength and is used to cover the upper surface of aircraft wings, which is in a compressed state during flight. The inner surface of the wing is made of D16, D16ч, 1163 alloys that withstand tensile loads in flight. In terms of strength, the B95 alloy exceeds the similar characteristics of the D16 alloy by 20-25%, and in terms of yield strength by 40%. Replacing the D16 alloy with B95 makes it possible to reduce the weight of the aircraft to 5 tons. Almost all the large-sized stamped parts for the world’s largest turboprop An-22 “Antey” transport aircraft are made from the B93 forging alloy, which is alloyed with iron and heat-treated according to the T1 regime.The main disadvantage of high-strength alloys of the Al-Cu-Mg and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu systems is their tendency to degrade, which is caused by the action of various types of loads and corrosive environments during aircraft and flight basing and is accompanied by the development of fatigue or corrosion-fatigue cracks. Alternative points of view regarding the causes of these phenomena and ways of improving the properties of products made of these alloys by alloying, thermal and deformation treatments are considered. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

综述了结构变形铝合金、Al-Cu-Mg(2xxx系列)和Al-Zn-Mg-Cu(7xxx系列)体系的科学技术信息。分析了它们的化学成分和相组成、合金化方法、机械性能和操作性能以及工艺因素的影响。给出了这些合金在飞机结构中的应用实例。结果表明,在Al-Cu-Mg系合金(D1、B65、D16、D16ч、1163、D19等)中,强度最大的是D16及其改进型D16ч和1163,其热硬化状态下的力学性能与低碳钢相当。D16、D16、1163合金在20°C和高温下具有高强度特性,尤其是以板材和冲压件的形式。因此,它是发动机区域制造飞机蒙皮的常见材料,需要加热。然而,强度的增加会导致塑性的降低。基于Al-Zn-Cu-Mg体系的合金(В95、В95п。其中最强的是B96Ц,尤其是它的改性B96Л1,与B95合金不同,锰和铬部分或完全被锆取代。B95合金具有高抗压强度,用于覆盖飞机机翼的上表面,机翼在飞行过程中处于压缩状态。机翼的内表面由D16,D16ч,1163合金制成,可承受飞行中的拉伸载荷。在强度方面,B95合金比D16合金的类似特性高出20-25%,在屈服强度方面高出40%。用B95取代D16合金可以将飞机的重量减少到5吨。世界上最大的涡轮螺旋桨飞机An-22“Antey”运输机几乎所有的大型冲压零件都是由B93锻造合金制成的,该合金与铁形成合金,并根据T1制度进行热处理。Al-Cu-Mg和Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系高强度合金的主要缺点是它们易于退化,这是由飞机和飞行基地期间各种类型的载荷和腐蚀环境的作用引起的,并伴随着疲劳或腐蚀疲劳裂纹的发展。考虑了关于这些现象的原因以及通过合金化、热处理和变形处理改善由这些合金制成的产品性能的方法的替代观点。关键词:可变形结构铝合金;飞机结构、化学成分和相组成、合金化、机械性能、耐腐蚀性、热处理。
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Structural aluminum alloys of the Al−Cu−Mg and Al−Zn−Mg−Сu systems in aircraft construction. Review
A review of scientific and technical information on structural deformable aluminum alloys, Al-Cu-Mg (series 2xxx) and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu (series 7xxx) systems was conducted. Their chemical and phase composition, alloying methods, mechanical and operational properties, influence of technological factors were analyzed. Examples of the use of these alloys in aircraft construction are given. It is shown that among the alloys of the Al-Cu-Mg system (D1, B65, D16, D16ч, 1163, D19, etc.), the strongest is D16 and its improved modifications D16ч and 1163, the mechanical properties of which in the heat-hardened state are equal to low-carbon steels. Alloys D16, D16оч, 1163 have high strength characteristics at 20 0С and elevated temperatures, especially in the form of sheets and pressed parts. Therefore, it is a common material for the manufacture of aircraft skins in the engine area, which is subject to heating. However, an increase in strength leads to a decrease in plasticity. Alloys based on the Al-Zn-Cu-Mg system (В95, В95пч, В95оч, В96, В96Ц, В96Ц1, В96Ц3, В94, В93, В92, etc.) are the most high-strength among deformable aluminum alloys, so they are widely used in responsible power elements of aircraft and rocket engineering in the form of pressed and forged products. The strongest of them is B96Ц, especially its modification B96Ц1, in which, unlike the B95 alloy, manganese and chromium are partially or completely replaced by zirconium. The B95 alloy has high compressive strength and is used to cover the upper surface of aircraft wings, which is in a compressed state during flight. The inner surface of the wing is made of D16, D16ч, 1163 alloys that withstand tensile loads in flight. In terms of strength, the B95 alloy exceeds the similar characteristics of the D16 alloy by 20-25%, and in terms of yield strength by 40%. Replacing the D16 alloy with B95 makes it possible to reduce the weight of the aircraft to 5 tons. Almost all the large-sized stamped parts for the world’s largest turboprop An-22 “Antey” transport aircraft are made from the B93 forging alloy, which is alloyed with iron and heat-treated according to the T1 regime.The main disadvantage of high-strength alloys of the Al-Cu-Mg and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu systems is their tendency to degrade, which is caused by the action of various types of loads and corrosive environments during aircraft and flight basing and is accompanied by the development of fatigue or corrosion-fatigue cracks. Alternative points of view regarding the causes of these phenomena and ways of improving the properties of products made of these alloys by alloying, thermal and deformation treatments are considered. Keywords: deformable structural aluminum alloys; aircraft construction, chemical and phase composition, alloying, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, heat treatment.
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