{"title":"封面和封底标题,第39卷第3期","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/1467-8322.12718","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Front and back cover caption, volume 39 issue 3</p><p>ROBOTIC BUDDHIST FUNERAL PRIESTS</p><p>Humanoid robot ‘Pepper’, produced by SoftBank Robotics, debuts to great fanfare in 2017 in its new role as a Buddhist priest and funeral attendant at ENDEX, the Japanese funeral and cemetery industry convention. Alongside AR grave design programs, eco-urns and ash jewellery, Pepper is one of many striking, experimental products and services aimed at reinvigorating and reinventing Japan's ‘ending industry’.</p><p>In a country with a rapidly aging population, Japan is facing a crisis in how to handle death. Traditional Buddhist funeral rites are becoming increasingly expensive and difficult to find, and many families are looking for new ways to say goodbye to their loved ones.</p><p>One possible solution is the use of robotic Buddhist priests. These robots are programmed to chant sutras, lead prayers and perform other traditional funeral rituals. They are also much cheaper than human priests, making them an attractive option for families on a budget.</p><p>The use of robotic priests is still in its early stages, but it has the potential to revolutionize the way death is handled in Japan. By providing a more affordable and accessible option for funeral services, robots could help to ensure that everyone has a dignified send-off, regardless of their financial situation.</p><p>These interventions respond to the weakening of traditional Buddhist death rites and the socio-religious structures that once supported them.</p><p>THE FIRST BLACK STUDENT IN ANTHROPOLOGY</p><p>James Arthur Harley (1873-1943), a talented polymath with a degree from Harvard University, arrived in Edwardian England in 1907 and enrolled in the Pitt Rivers Museum at the University of Oxford to pursue a Diploma in Anthropology. Unfortunately, the curriculum at the time perpetuated racist ideologies that portrayed and thought of black people as intellectually inferior, exotic, sub-species, sub-human – savage. However, Harley's presence at Britain's world-renowned university, a bastion of white elite privilege, prestige and class, was not unique.</p><p>Thirty-four years earlier in 1873, Christian Frederick Cole (1853-1885) from Sierra Leone became the university's first black scholar when he matriculated at University College, aged 21, to read for an honours degree in Classical Moderations, going on to achieve the august status of Britain's first black barrister.</p><p>Harley, an Antiguan scholar, completed the course and became the first black man to earn the diploma. In so doing, he, like many black scholars at the University of Oxford, from Alain LeRoy Locke (1885-1954), the first black Rhodes scholar, later known as the father of the Harlem Renaissance, to Kofoworola Moore (1913-2002), the first black woman to receive a degree in 1932, all obliterated the preconceived racist-held ideologies with their achievements and later contributions.</p><p>Anthropology continuously evolves and adapts to the changes humans experience in this world. Through the presence of Harley and his fellow pioneers in these institutions, we see how they gradually evolve and reframe how black students are viewed. These early students were change agents and perhaps instigators of decolonized curricula and forged a path for other black students to follow.</p>","PeriodicalId":46293,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology Today","volume":"39 3","pages":"i-ii"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5000,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1467-8322.12718","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Front and back cover caption, volume 39 issue 3\",\"authors\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/1467-8322.12718\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Front and back cover caption, volume 39 issue 3</p><p>ROBOTIC BUDDHIST FUNERAL PRIESTS</p><p>Humanoid robot ‘Pepper’, produced by SoftBank Robotics, debuts to great fanfare in 2017 in its new role as a Buddhist priest and funeral attendant at ENDEX, the Japanese funeral and cemetery industry convention. Alongside AR grave design programs, eco-urns and ash jewellery, Pepper is one of many striking, experimental products and services aimed at reinvigorating and reinventing Japan's ‘ending industry’.</p><p>In a country with a rapidly aging population, Japan is facing a crisis in how to handle death. Traditional Buddhist funeral rites are becoming increasingly expensive and difficult to find, and many families are looking for new ways to say goodbye to their loved ones.</p><p>One possible solution is the use of robotic Buddhist priests. These robots are programmed to chant sutras, lead prayers and perform other traditional funeral rituals. They are also much cheaper than human priests, making them an attractive option for families on a budget.</p><p>The use of robotic priests is still in its early stages, but it has the potential to revolutionize the way death is handled in Japan. By providing a more affordable and accessible option for funeral services, robots could help to ensure that everyone has a dignified send-off, regardless of their financial situation.</p><p>These interventions respond to the weakening of traditional Buddhist death rites and the socio-religious structures that once supported them.</p><p>THE FIRST BLACK STUDENT IN ANTHROPOLOGY</p><p>James Arthur Harley (1873-1943), a talented polymath with a degree from Harvard University, arrived in Edwardian England in 1907 and enrolled in the Pitt Rivers Museum at the University of Oxford to pursue a Diploma in Anthropology. Unfortunately, the curriculum at the time perpetuated racist ideologies that portrayed and thought of black people as intellectually inferior, exotic, sub-species, sub-human – savage. However, Harley's presence at Britain's world-renowned university, a bastion of white elite privilege, prestige and class, was not unique.</p><p>Thirty-four years earlier in 1873, Christian Frederick Cole (1853-1885) from Sierra Leone became the university's first black scholar when he matriculated at University College, aged 21, to read for an honours degree in Classical Moderations, going on to achieve the august status of Britain's first black barrister.</p><p>Harley, an Antiguan scholar, completed the course and became the first black man to earn the diploma. In so doing, he, like many black scholars at the University of Oxford, from Alain LeRoy Locke (1885-1954), the first black Rhodes scholar, later known as the father of the Harlem Renaissance, to Kofoworola Moore (1913-2002), the first black woman to receive a degree in 1932, all obliterated the preconceived racist-held ideologies with their achievements and later contributions.</p><p>Anthropology continuously evolves and adapts to the changes humans experience in this world. Through the presence of Harley and his fellow pioneers in these institutions, we see how they gradually evolve and reframe how black students are viewed. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
由软银机器人公司(SoftBank Robotics)生产的人形机器人“Pepper”于2017年在日本葬礼和墓地行业大会ENDEX上以佛教牧师和葬礼服务员的新角色高调亮相。除了AR坟墓设计项目、生态骨灰盒和骨灰首饰,Pepper是众多引人注目的实验性产品和服务之一,旨在重振和重塑日本的“骨灰产业”。作为一个人口迅速老龄化的国家,日本正面临着如何处理死亡的危机。传统的佛教葬礼仪式变得越来越昂贵,越来越难找到,许多家庭正在寻找新的方式与他们的亲人说再见。一个可能的解决方案是使用机器人佛教僧侣。这些机器人被编程为诵经、主持祈祷和执行其他传统的葬礼仪式。他们也比真人牧师便宜得多,使他们成为预算有限的家庭的一个有吸引力的选择。机器人牧师的使用仍处于早期阶段,但它有可能彻底改变日本处理死亡的方式。通过为葬礼服务提供更实惠和更容易获得的选择,机器人可以帮助确保每个人都有一个有尊严的送别,无论他们的经济状况如何。这些干预措施是对传统佛教死亡仪式和曾经支持这些仪式的社会宗教结构日益弱化的回应。人类学的第一个黑人学生詹姆斯·亚瑟·哈雷(1873-1943)是一位博学的天才,毕业于哈佛大学。1907年,他来到爱德华七世时代的英国,进入牛津大学皮特里弗斯博物馆攻读人类学文凭。不幸的是,当时的课程延续了种族主义的意识形态,把黑人描绘成智力低下的、外来的、亚种的、次于人类的野蛮人。然而,哈利在英国这所世界知名的大学——白人精英特权、声望和阶级的堡垒——的存在并不是唯一的。34年前的1873年,来自塞拉利昂的克里斯蒂安·弗雷德里克·科尔(Christian Frederick Cole, 1853-1885)成为了牛津大学的第一位黑人学者,21岁的他被大学学院录取,攻读古典缓和学荣誉学位,后来成为英国第一位黑人大律师。哈利是一名安提瓜学者,他完成了课程,成为第一个获得文凭的黑人。在这样做的过程中,他和牛津大学的许多黑人学者一样,从阿兰·勒罗伊·洛克(Alain LeRoy Locke, 1885-1954),第一位黑人罗德学者,后来被称为哈莱姆文艺复兴之父,到科福沃罗拉·摩尔(kofworola Moore, 1913-2002),第一位在1932年获得学位的黑人女性,都用他们的成就和后来的贡献消除了先入之见的种族主义意识形态。人类学不断发展,适应人类在这个世界上经历的变化。通过哈利和他在这些机构中的先驱们的存在,我们看到他们是如何逐渐发展并重新定义黑人学生的看法的。这些早期的学生是变革的推动者,也许是非殖民化课程的煽动者,为其他黑人学生开辟了一条道路。
Humanoid robot ‘Pepper’, produced by SoftBank Robotics, debuts to great fanfare in 2017 in its new role as a Buddhist priest and funeral attendant at ENDEX, the Japanese funeral and cemetery industry convention. Alongside AR grave design programs, eco-urns and ash jewellery, Pepper is one of many striking, experimental products and services aimed at reinvigorating and reinventing Japan's ‘ending industry’.
In a country with a rapidly aging population, Japan is facing a crisis in how to handle death. Traditional Buddhist funeral rites are becoming increasingly expensive and difficult to find, and many families are looking for new ways to say goodbye to their loved ones.
One possible solution is the use of robotic Buddhist priests. These robots are programmed to chant sutras, lead prayers and perform other traditional funeral rituals. They are also much cheaper than human priests, making them an attractive option for families on a budget.
The use of robotic priests is still in its early stages, but it has the potential to revolutionize the way death is handled in Japan. By providing a more affordable and accessible option for funeral services, robots could help to ensure that everyone has a dignified send-off, regardless of their financial situation.
These interventions respond to the weakening of traditional Buddhist death rites and the socio-religious structures that once supported them.
THE FIRST BLACK STUDENT IN ANTHROPOLOGY
James Arthur Harley (1873-1943), a talented polymath with a degree from Harvard University, arrived in Edwardian England in 1907 and enrolled in the Pitt Rivers Museum at the University of Oxford to pursue a Diploma in Anthropology. Unfortunately, the curriculum at the time perpetuated racist ideologies that portrayed and thought of black people as intellectually inferior, exotic, sub-species, sub-human – savage. However, Harley's presence at Britain's world-renowned university, a bastion of white elite privilege, prestige and class, was not unique.
Thirty-four years earlier in 1873, Christian Frederick Cole (1853-1885) from Sierra Leone became the university's first black scholar when he matriculated at University College, aged 21, to read for an honours degree in Classical Moderations, going on to achieve the august status of Britain's first black barrister.
Harley, an Antiguan scholar, completed the course and became the first black man to earn the diploma. In so doing, he, like many black scholars at the University of Oxford, from Alain LeRoy Locke (1885-1954), the first black Rhodes scholar, later known as the father of the Harlem Renaissance, to Kofoworola Moore (1913-2002), the first black woman to receive a degree in 1932, all obliterated the preconceived racist-held ideologies with their achievements and later contributions.
Anthropology continuously evolves and adapts to the changes humans experience in this world. Through the presence of Harley and his fellow pioneers in these institutions, we see how they gradually evolve and reframe how black students are viewed. These early students were change agents and perhaps instigators of decolonized curricula and forged a path for other black students to follow.
期刊介绍:
Anthropology Today is a bimonthly publication which aims to provide a forum for the application of anthropological analysis to public and topical issues, while reflecting the breadth of interests within the discipline of anthropology. It is also committed to promoting debate at the interface between anthropology and areas of applied knowledge such as education, medicine, development etc. as well as that between anthropology and other academic disciplines. Anthropology Today encourages submissions on a wide range of topics, consistent with these aims. Anthropology Today is an international journal both in the scope of issues it covers and in the sources it draws from.