水生环境中的微塑料——最新进展综述

IF 1 Q4 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI:10.1680/jenes.23.00018
K. Fish, Laura Clarizia, J. Meegoda
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引用次数: 1

摘要

2019年,全球塑料的生产和使用量飙升至3.68亿吨,导致越来越多的塑料废物通过填埋、焚烧或非法处置集中在我们的自然和城市生态系统(特别是河流和海洋)中。正如本文所强调的,由于大型塑料的生产和降解,微纳米塑料被引入这些生态系统,通过在生命系统中的积累,对植物和动物(包括人类)造成有害影响。虽然毒性或健康影响尚未明确确定,但微塑料在生物系统中的长期积累可导致对这些系统健康的影响。重要的是,本文探讨了最先进的物理、化学和生物方法,以去除和破坏水生生态系统(自然和城市)中新的和遗留的微塑料。目前,还没有标准的、公认的和具有成本效益的方法来完全清除这些水生生态系统中的微塑料。报告强调了知识方面的差距和对未来研究的建议,以帮助为实践和立法提供信息。审查中强调的一个关键考虑因素是,微塑料通过生态系统循环——自然的和工程的,这些生态系统不会在筒仓中运行,处理过程产生的废物可能成为微塑料(意外)再污染的渠道。因此,在开发创新的清除或破坏性解决方案时,需要采取整体系统的方法,最终,减少塑料的使用仍然是最好的选择,以最好地保护未来的环境和公众健康。
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Microplastics in aquatic environments – a review of recent advances
Global production and usage of plastics have skyrocket to 368 million tons in 2019, resulting in increasing amounts of plastic waste concentrating in our natural and urban ecosystems (especially rivers and oceans), via landfill, incineration, or illegal disposal. As highlighted herein, due to the production and degradation of larger plastics, micro and nano plastics are introduced to these ecosystems, causing detrimental impact to plants and animals, including humans, through accumulation in living systems. Though toxicity or health impact are not clearly established, long term accumulation of microplastics in living systems can lead to impact on health of such systems. Critically, this review explores state-of-the art physical, chemical, and biological methods to remove and destroy new and legacy microplastics in aquatic ecosystems (natural and urban). Currently, there are no standardised, accepted, and cost-effective methods for complete removal of microplastics from these aquatic ecosystems. Gaps in knowledge and recommendations for future research to help inform practice and legislation are highlighted. A key consideration highlighted through the review is that microplastics cycle through ecosystems – natural and engineered, these do not operate in siloes and waste from treatment processes could be a conduit for (unintended) recontamination of microplastics. Hence there is a need to take a whole systems approach when developing innovative removal or destructive solutions and, ultimately, reducing plastic use remains the best option to best safeguard future environmental and public health.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
20
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science is an international, peer-reviewed publication providing a forum for the dissemination of environmental research, encouraging interdisciplinary research collaboration to address environmental problems. It addresses all aspects of environmental engineering and applied environmental science, with the exception of noise, radiation and light.
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