Computing in this world

The widespread adoption of GIS technology around the world and the fact that GIS systems are based on GML mean that the OGC has substantial control over how geographical data are expressed and treated in most computing machines. A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a type of software for gathering, managing and analysing geographic data in the form of layers visualized on top of maps or inside three-dimensional scenes. This thematic issue of I Interdisciplinary Science Reviews i , titled "Computing in the World", stems from the Fifth International Conference on the History and Philosophy of Computing (HaPoC), which took place in the end of October 2019 in Bergamo, Italy, a few months before that town and the surrounding province became one of the regions hit the hardest in the world by the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. [Extracted from the article] Copyright of Interdisciplinary Science Reviews is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)