Efficacy of dexmedetomidine versus magnesium sulfate as an adjuvant to intraperitoneal bupivacaine in pediatric laparoscopic surgery: a randomized clinical trial

Background

We evaluated the efficacy of dexmedetomidine versus magnesium sulfate as an adjuvant to intraperitoneal (IP) bupivacaine in pediatric laparoscopic inguinal herniorrhaphy.

Methods

Ninety-seven male children, ASA I–II, 1–6 years old, undergoing laparoscopic inguinal herniorrhaphy, were randomized to receive before peritoneal insufflation, IP 2 mg.kg⁻¹ bupivacaine 0.5% combined with either 1 μg.kg⁻¹ of dexmedetomidine (Group D), 30 mg.kg⁻¹ of magnesium sulfate (Group M), or normal saline (Group C). All tested drugs were diluted to the volume of 10 mL with normal saline. FLACC pain scores, need for rescue analgesics, time to flatus and first stool, emetic events, adverse effects, functional recovery, and parents’ satisfaction were recorded for the first 48 h postoperatively.

Results

FLACC scores were significantly higher in Group C than in the other two groups at 6, 8, 12, 18, 24, and 48 hours after surgery with no differences between Groups D and M. Rescue analgesia was significantly higher in Group C with none of the children in Groups D and M requiring rescue analgesia (p = 0.001). Times to first flatus and stool, emetic events, and adverse effects did not differ among groups. Times to return to normal functional activity were comparable in all groups. Parents’ satisfaction was greater in Groups D and M than in Group C (p = 0.026).

Conclusion

Dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulfate added to IP bupivacaine improved the analgesia afforded by bupivacaine in the first two postoperative days in children scheduled for laparoscopic herniorrhaphy.