高温氯化氢清除降低火灾中PVC电缆烟酸的新研究,IV:高温除酸剂对阻燃性和排烟性的影响

IF 3 3区 农林科学 Q2 ECOLOGY Fire-Switzerland Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI:10.3390/fire6070259
Iacopo Bassi, Francesca Delchiaro, Claudia Bandinelli, L. Mazzocchetti, E. Salatelli, Gianluca Sarti
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引用次数: 1

摘要

在PVC化合物中,氯化氢在捕获·H和·OH自由基中起着重要作用,从而降低燃烧过程中的火焰能量。此外,它产生实际的刘易斯酸,促进PVC降解中多烯序列的交联,并产生炭层,保护PVC物品免受火焰的伤害。因此,PVC具有固有的阻燃性。然而,塑化PVC需要阻燃剂和抑烟剂来提高防火性能。低烟酸度PVC化合物已开发,以减少燃烧过程中的HCl排放,因此,烟雾的酸度。它们含有能在高温下起作用的强效酸清除剂。它们在缩合相中与氯化氢反应,使其在气体中甚至在缩合相中都不可用,从而影响了对火的反应并增强了燃烧过程中产生的烟雾。本文通过氧指数、放热量和产烟量的测定,研究了强效酸清除剂对电缆用PVC化合物中氯化氢的吸附效果。值得注意的是,强效酸清除剂对氧指数、锥体量热法的火焰生长速率、微燃烧量热法中燃料气体的比热容(总热容量)和燃烧比热等参数的影响很大。在某些配方中,酸清除剂将氧指数降低到不含阻燃剂配方的值以下,并使其火焰增长速度增加一倍。事实上,它们中和了三氧化二锑和刘易斯酸前体的作用,这些前体通常被用作PVC物品的阻燃剂和抑烟剂,使它们易于点燃,释放烟雾并传播火焰。新一代阻燃剂和抑烟剂需要同时保持低烟酸性和防火性能的PVC制品。
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A New Perspective on Hydrogen Chloride Scavenging at High Temperatures for Reducing the Smoke Acidity of PVC Cables in Fires, IV: The Impact of Acid Scavengers at High Temperatures on Flame Retardance and Smoke Emission
In PVC compounds, hydrogen chloride plays a fundamental role in ·H and ·OH radical trapping, lowering the flame energy during combustion. Furthermore, it yields actual Lewis acids promoting the cross-linking of the polyene sequences from PVC degradation and bringing a char layer, protecting PVC items from flames. Therefore, PVC is inherently flame-retarded. However, plasticized PVC requires flame retardants and smoke suppressants to enhance fire performance. Low-smoke acidity PVC compounds have been developed to reduce the HCl emission during combustion and, therefore, the acidity of the smoke. They contain potent acid scavengers capable of acting at high temperatures. They react with hydrogen chloride in the condensed phase, making it unavailable in the gas and even in the condensed phase, compromising the reaction to fire and enhancing the smoke produced during the combustion. The effect of the sequestration of hydrogen chloride in PVC compounds for cables by potent acid scavengers is studied in this paper through measurements of oxygen index, heat release, and smoke production. It is noteworthy that the potent acid scavengers strongly affect parameters such as the oxygen index, the fire growth rate in cone calorimetry, the specific (total) heat capacity, and the specific heat of combustion of fuel gases in micro combustion calorimetry. In some formulations, acid scavengers reduce the oxygen index below the values of the formulations without flame retardants and double their fire growth rate. In fact, they neutralize the action of antimony trioxide and Lewis acid precursors commonly used as flame retardants and smoke suppressants in PVC items, making them prone to ignite, release smoke, and spread flame. A new generation of flame retardants and smoke suppressants is needed to keep together the low-smoke acidity and the fire performance in PVC items.
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来源期刊
Fire-Switzerland
Fire-Switzerland Multiple-
CiteScore
3.10
自引率
15.60%
发文量
182
审稿时长
11 weeks
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