玉米地方品种管理避免转基因污染,降低产量和种子质量

IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Bragantia Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI:10.1590/1678-4499.20200421
Anderson Munarini, Daniele Nerling, C. Coelho, R. Nodari
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引用次数: 1

摘要

为农业生态农业生产高质量种子是必要的,因为植物将暴露在多种环境和管理实践中。播种期和种群密度会影响地方品种的种子质量。此外,用于农业生态栽培的种子不得被转基因污染。在这种情况下,有必要了解地方品种在推荐生育期之外的农艺表现,以避免转基因品种的基因流动。因此,本研究的目的是确定在不同播种时间和密度的农业生态系统中栽培的玉米基因型种子的发芽率、活力和卫生质量。在2016/2017和2017/2018生长季节采用了分块-分块设计。生理品质评价以发芽和活力试验为依据,卫生品质评价以目测法为依据。结果表明,基因型、播期和密度对所有评价性状均有显著的单效应,各因子之间存在双交互作用和三交互作用。圣卡塔琳娜州西部农业生态系统评价的玉米地方品种最适宜播种时间为9月,种子发芽率和活力最高,病原菌发病率较低。此时,密度为55000株·ha-1时萌发效果最好。研究人员对晚播进行了试验,以避免通常在9月份播种的转基因品种的基因流动,但结果表明,晚播会造成种子产量和质量下降等后果。
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Maize landraces management to avoid transgenic contamination, decreases yield and seed quality
ABSTRACT Producing high-quality seeds for agroecological agriculture is needed because the plants will be exposed to a diversity of environments and management practices. Sowing times and population densities can influence the quality of seeds produced by landraces. Further, seeds for agroecological cultivation must not be contaminated by transgenes. In this context, it is necessary to know the agronomic performance of landraces outside of the recommended growing period to avoid gene flow with transgenic cultivars. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine the germination rate, vigor and sanitary quality of seeds of maize genotypes cultivated in an agroecological system at different sowing times and densities. A split-split-plot design was used in the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 growing seasons. The physiological quality evaluation was based on germination and vigor tests, and the sanitary quality was obtained by visually examining the seeds. The results showed a significant simple effect of genotype, sowing time and density, as well as double and triple interactions among factors for all evaluated traits. The most suitable time for sowing the corn landraces evaluated in an agroecological system in western Santa Catarina is September, when the seeds exhibited the highest percentage of germination and vigor and there was a lower incidence of pathogens. At this time, a density of 55,000 plants·ha–1 had the best result for germination. Late sowing was tested to avoid gene flow from transgenic varieties that usually are sown in September, but the results indicated penalties, such as a decrease in seed yield and quality.
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来源期刊
Bragantia
Bragantia AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
2.40
自引率
8.30%
发文量
33
审稿时长
4 weeks
期刊介绍: Bragantia é uma revista de ciências agronômicas editada pelo Instituto Agronômico da Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios, da Secretaria de Agricultura e Abastecimento do Estado de São Paulo, com o objetivo de publicar trabalhos científicos originais que contribuam para o desenvolvimento das ciências agronômicas. A revista é publicada desde 1941, tornando-se semestral em 1984, quadrimestral em 2001 e trimestral em 2005. É filiada à Associação Brasileira de Editores Científicos (ABEC).
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