Pub Date : 2023-07-24DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20220218
Shuai Xie, S. Dou, Jing Fu, Rui-ping Ma
: In view of the current situation of black soil degradation, straw return as an important conservation tillage measure has been extensively promoted. Based on 15 N tracing technology, this paper carried out experiments of different straw returning modes, including CK (conventional fertilizing tillage with straw-free returning), straw mulching ( i.e. , M), straw mixed with topsoil ( i.e. , T), and straw deep incorporation ( i.e. , D), to explore the influence of straw returning on the distribution and stability, and the carbon and nitrogen content of water-stable aggregates in black soil, and to analyze the distribution and stability of aggregates on the carbon and nitrogen content of aggregates. The results showed that the macroaggregate content, mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of the returned soil layers were 16.53-84.65%, 16.73-128.73% and 23.47-97.14% higher than those in CK, respectively. The contents of organic carbon, total nitrogen and 15 N accumulation of aggregates in the straw-returning soil layer were 6.38-23.55%, 8.65-31.19% and 13.52-150.19% higher than those in CK, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis and redundancy analysis showed that the content of macroaggregates and stability of aggregates were positively correlated with the carbon and nitrogen contents. In conclusion, straw return significantly improved soil structure characteristics and carbon and nitrogen content. The results of this study provided a theoretical basis and technical guidance for farmland soil improvement in black soil areas, and selected an appropriate straw returning mode according to local soil conditions to maximize the effect of straw returning.
{"title":"Corn straw return effectively improves the stability and increases the carbon and nitrogen contents of waterstable aggregates in northeastern China black soil","authors":"Shuai Xie, S. Dou, Jing Fu, Rui-ping Ma","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20220218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20220218","url":null,"abstract":": In view of the current situation of black soil degradation, straw return as an important conservation tillage measure has been extensively promoted. Based on 15 N tracing technology, this paper carried out experiments of different straw returning modes, including CK (conventional fertilizing tillage with straw-free returning), straw mulching ( i.e. , M), straw mixed with topsoil ( i.e. , T), and straw deep incorporation ( i.e. , D), to explore the influence of straw returning on the distribution and stability, and the carbon and nitrogen content of water-stable aggregates in black soil, and to analyze the distribution and stability of aggregates on the carbon and nitrogen content of aggregates. The results showed that the macroaggregate content, mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of the returned soil layers were 16.53-84.65%, 16.73-128.73% and 23.47-97.14% higher than those in CK, respectively. The contents of organic carbon, total nitrogen and 15 N accumulation of aggregates in the straw-returning soil layer were 6.38-23.55%, 8.65-31.19% and 13.52-150.19% higher than those in CK, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis and redundancy analysis showed that the content of macroaggregates and stability of aggregates were positively correlated with the carbon and nitrogen contents. In conclusion, straw return significantly improved soil structure characteristics and carbon and nitrogen content. The results of this study provided a theoretical basis and technical guidance for farmland soil improvement in black soil areas, and selected an appropriate straw returning mode according to local soil conditions to maximize the effect of straw returning.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67479573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-17DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20230041
T. I. Silva, M. G. Dias, Lucas Bretas Barbosa, N. O. Araújo, Felipe Douglas Ferreira, J. Grossi, F. Costa, C. Marco, D. Ribeiro
ABSTRACT Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) is an ornamental and medicinal plant that has edible flowers. Drought and salt stress decrease flower production and quality, including affecting sugar metabolism and ethylene production. Ethylene can accelerate the nasturtium senescence process, decreasing its postharvest quality. The use of polyamines, mainly spermine, may be a strategy for reducing the harmful effects of these stresses on the metabolism of sugars and phenolic compounds and for decreasing the production of ethylene, which accelerates senescence, in nasturtium flowers. Therefore, the objective here was to evaluate the role of spermine application on sugar and phenolic compounds and on ethylene production in nasturtium flowers grown under drought and salt stress. Two experiments were performed in isolation and at the same time in order to achieve this. Spermine down-regulated ethylene production and up-regulated the content of sugars and phenolic compounds on nasturtium flowers grown under drought and saline stress. Sugars and phenolic compounds down-regulated ethylene production in nasturtium flowers. Spermine can be used to mitigate the harmful effects of drought and salt stress on nasturtium flowers by increasing sugar and phenolic compounds and decreasing ethylene production.
{"title":"Spermine decreases ethylene and increases sugars and phenolic compounds in nasturtium flowers grown under drought and salt stress","authors":"T. I. Silva, M. G. Dias, Lucas Bretas Barbosa, N. O. Araújo, Felipe Douglas Ferreira, J. Grossi, F. Costa, C. Marco, D. Ribeiro","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20230041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20230041","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) is an ornamental and medicinal plant that has edible flowers. Drought and salt stress decrease flower production and quality, including affecting sugar metabolism and ethylene production. Ethylene can accelerate the nasturtium senescence process, decreasing its postharvest quality. The use of polyamines, mainly spermine, may be a strategy for reducing the harmful effects of these stresses on the metabolism of sugars and phenolic compounds and for decreasing the production of ethylene, which accelerates senescence, in nasturtium flowers. Therefore, the objective here was to evaluate the role of spermine application on sugar and phenolic compounds and on ethylene production in nasturtium flowers grown under drought and salt stress. Two experiments were performed in isolation and at the same time in order to achieve this. Spermine down-regulated ethylene production and up-regulated the content of sugars and phenolic compounds on nasturtium flowers grown under drought and saline stress. Sugars and phenolic compounds down-regulated ethylene production in nasturtium flowers. Spermine can be used to mitigate the harmful effects of drought and salt stress on nasturtium flowers by increasing sugar and phenolic compounds and decreasing ethylene production.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67479725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20230063
Cleidiane Alves Rodrigues, H. Vieira, Rosenilda de Souza, D. S. Mendes, A. Viana
: Investigating the physiological potential of seeds and genetic divergence between families is essential to identify promising materials for the generation of improved populations. This study was undertaken to examine the germination potential and estimate genetic divergence between Passiflora full-sib families (FSFs) based on physical and physiological seed traits. The experiment was consisted of 86 FSFs from the first cycle of recurrent selection for resistance to the cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus. Seeds were evaluated for 19 physical and physiological traits. Dissimilarity estimates were obtained by generalized Mahalanobis distance, and the method unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean was employed for cluster formation. The FSFs showed high germination potential and seed vigor, with mean of 92.4%, 5.68 e 5.81 cm for germination, germination speed index (GSI) and shoot length of seedlings, respectively. Cluster analysis resulted in four groups formed, being Group I composed by 68 FSF more the control Passiflora edulis . The trait 1,000-seed weight (TSW) was the trait that most contributed to explaining the dissimilarity between families, with 31.9%. The trait GSI (physiological), TSW (physical), as well as traits provided by the GroundEye ® system (CIELab-b, hue, and circumference of seeds), were efficient in determining genetic divergence detected between the families of passion fruit. These traits can be taken as a basis in the selection of genotypes with higher physiological seed quality.
{"title":"Genetic divergence for seed traits in Passiflora full-sib families under recurrent selection for resistance to the cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus","authors":"Cleidiane Alves Rodrigues, H. Vieira, Rosenilda de Souza, D. S. Mendes, A. Viana","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20230063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20230063","url":null,"abstract":": Investigating the physiological potential of seeds and genetic divergence between families is essential to identify promising materials for the generation of improved populations. This study was undertaken to examine the germination potential and estimate genetic divergence between Passiflora full-sib families (FSFs) based on physical and physiological seed traits. The experiment was consisted of 86 FSFs from the first cycle of recurrent selection for resistance to the cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus. Seeds were evaluated for 19 physical and physiological traits. Dissimilarity estimates were obtained by generalized Mahalanobis distance, and the method unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean was employed for cluster formation. The FSFs showed high germination potential and seed vigor, with mean of 92.4%, 5.68 e 5.81 cm for germination, germination speed index (GSI) and shoot length of seedlings, respectively. Cluster analysis resulted in four groups formed, being Group I composed by 68 FSF more the control Passiflora edulis . The trait 1,000-seed weight (TSW) was the trait that most contributed to explaining the dissimilarity between families, with 31.9%. The trait GSI (physiological), TSW (physical), as well as traits provided by the GroundEye ® system (CIELab-b, hue, and circumference of seeds), were efficient in determining genetic divergence detected between the families of passion fruit. These traits can be taken as a basis in the selection of genotypes with higher physiological seed quality.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67480101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20220232
G. Fracetto, Eliabe de Morais Freitas, C. Nascimento, D. Silva, É. Medeiros, F. Fracetto, F. Silva, Lucia Helena Nunez Buzó, W. R. D. Silva
: Brazilian semi-arid tropical is responsible for the production and export of fine table grapes, but the demand for phosphate fertilizers and other agricultural inputs increases the cost of production and threatens local water bodies by leaching of phosphorus (P). The objectives of this study were to quantify the organic and inorganic fractions of P and to determine chemical and microbiological attributes related to its mineralization in soils cultivated with vines in São Francisco Valley. It was hypothesized that P fractions and microbial activity would increase in areas fertilized with phosphate. Soil samples from vines were collected in cultivated areas and in fallow systems. P fractionation, macro-elements analysis, microbial biomass phosphorus (Pmic), and phosphatase enzyme activity were determined and correlated with each other and with the total proportion of synthesized glomalin. In both treatments, the inorganic P fractions exceeded the organic ones, and the total phosphorus available in those soils was associated with the most recalcitrant fractions, reducing risks of leaching of this element and contamination of water bodies. Pmic was higher in the winery areas due to the presence of phosphate fertilizers and organic matter, hence the activity of alkaline phosphatase enzymes and the production of total glomalin increased respectively in three and four evaluated areas, indicating that P-mineralized bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been positively affected by the current agricultural system.
{"title":"Phosphorus fractions and microbiological indicators in vineyards soils of a tropical semiarid setting in Brazil","authors":"G. Fracetto, Eliabe de Morais Freitas, C. Nascimento, D. Silva, É. Medeiros, F. Fracetto, F. Silva, Lucia Helena Nunez Buzó, W. R. D. Silva","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20220232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20220232","url":null,"abstract":": Brazilian semi-arid tropical is responsible for the production and export of fine table grapes, but the demand for phosphate fertilizers and other agricultural inputs increases the cost of production and threatens local water bodies by leaching of phosphorus (P). The objectives of this study were to quantify the organic and inorganic fractions of P and to determine chemical and microbiological attributes related to its mineralization in soils cultivated with vines in São Francisco Valley. It was hypothesized that P fractions and microbial activity would increase in areas fertilized with phosphate. Soil samples from vines were collected in cultivated areas and in fallow systems. P fractionation, macro-elements analysis, microbial biomass phosphorus (Pmic), and phosphatase enzyme activity were determined and correlated with each other and with the total proportion of synthesized glomalin. In both treatments, the inorganic P fractions exceeded the organic ones, and the total phosphorus available in those soils was associated with the most recalcitrant fractions, reducing risks of leaching of this element and contamination of water bodies. Pmic was higher in the winery areas due to the presence of phosphate fertilizers and organic matter, hence the activity of alkaline phosphatase enzymes and the production of total glomalin increased respectively in three and four evaluated areas, indicating that P-mineralized bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been positively affected by the current agricultural system.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67480014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20220252
Adilson Pimentel Junior, Francisco José Domingues Neto, Letícia Silva Pereira Basílio, G. C. Monteiro, G. Lima, M. A. Tecchio
: Vines are highly responsive to agricultural management techniques, such as training systems. Three training systems, i.e., conventional, high, and double training, for the ‘Niagara Rosada’ vine were studied considering aspects related to the yield, physicochemical, and antioxidant characteristics of the grapes. The experiment was carried out during two seasons (2017 and 2018), and the vines grafted on IAC 572 Jales. The training systems did not influence the fruit production per vine and yield of the ‘Niagara Rosada’ table grape, but some improvements were observed, such as a greater number of berries per bunch in vines managed in the conventional training systems and a higher fresh mass of berries when cultivated in the high and double training systems. Grapes from the double training system had higher soluble solids contents, an important sensorial characteristic in table grapes. The high training system, in turn, provided ‘Niagara Rosada’ table grapes with a greater content of bioactive compounds (e.g., phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and anthocyanins) and antioxidant activity.
{"title":"Training systems improved agronomic characteristics and quality of ‘Niagara Rosada’ table grapes","authors":"Adilson Pimentel Junior, Francisco José Domingues Neto, Letícia Silva Pereira Basílio, G. C. Monteiro, G. Lima, M. A. Tecchio","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20220252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20220252","url":null,"abstract":": Vines are highly responsive to agricultural management techniques, such as training systems. Three training systems, i.e., conventional, high, and double training, for the ‘Niagara Rosada’ vine were studied considering aspects related to the yield, physicochemical, and antioxidant characteristics of the grapes. The experiment was carried out during two seasons (2017 and 2018), and the vines grafted on IAC 572 Jales. The training systems did not influence the fruit production per vine and yield of the ‘Niagara Rosada’ table grape, but some improvements were observed, such as a greater number of berries per bunch in vines managed in the conventional training systems and a higher fresh mass of berries when cultivated in the high and double training systems. Grapes from the double training system had higher soluble solids contents, an important sensorial characteristic in table grapes. The high training system, in turn, provided ‘Niagara Rosada’ table grapes with a greater content of bioactive compounds (e.g., phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and anthocyanins) and antioxidant activity.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67479638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20220160
C. Ferreira, A. Silva, C. A. Tormena, E. Severiano, R. Tavares, G.B.P. Braz, Silvio Vasconcelos de Paiva Filho
: Soil compaction negatively impacts soil physical functions, affecting root growth and crop yield. This study aimed to evaluate different soybean cultivars’ agronomic and physiological performance as a function of compaction in Rhodic Ferralsol under no-tillage (NT) with a clay loam texture in the Brazilian Cerrado biome. The experiment was implemented in Rio Verde, Goias state, central Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block with a 3x2 factorial scheme with six replications. The first factor corresponded to three soybean cultivars from different maturity groups (MG) identified as super-early (MG = 6.2); early (MG = 6.8), and medium (MG = 7.9). The second factor was the cultivation in compacted and uncompacted soil. The experiment evaluated the soil physical properties: bulk density, total porosity, water content at matric potential -6 kPa, aeration capacity and water and air holding capacity in 0.0-0.1 and 0.1-0.2 m layers, agronomic and physiological traits (gas exchange). Soil compaction negatively affected the agronomic traits of soybean cultivars, with better performance of the medium cycle cultivar. Net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rates were reduced up to 50% under compaction and were not influenced by cultivars. Our findings suggest that soil compaction negatively affected the performance of soybean cultivars with lower maturity groups reflecting in lower plant height, shoot and root dry mass, number of pods and grain yield. The choice of soybean cultivars with a longer cycle can be an alternative to minimize the adverse effects of soil compaction.
{"title":"Physiological and agronomic response of soybean cultivars to soil compaction in the Brazilian Cerrado","authors":"C. Ferreira, A. Silva, C. A. Tormena, E. Severiano, R. Tavares, G.B.P. Braz, Silvio Vasconcelos de Paiva Filho","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20220160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20220160","url":null,"abstract":": Soil compaction negatively impacts soil physical functions, affecting root growth and crop yield. This study aimed to evaluate different soybean cultivars’ agronomic and physiological performance as a function of compaction in Rhodic Ferralsol under no-tillage (NT) with a clay loam texture in the Brazilian Cerrado biome. The experiment was implemented in Rio Verde, Goias state, central Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block with a 3x2 factorial scheme with six replications. The first factor corresponded to three soybean cultivars from different maturity groups (MG) identified as super-early (MG = 6.2); early (MG = 6.8), and medium (MG = 7.9). The second factor was the cultivation in compacted and uncompacted soil. The experiment evaluated the soil physical properties: bulk density, total porosity, water content at matric potential -6 kPa, aeration capacity and water and air holding capacity in 0.0-0.1 and 0.1-0.2 m layers, agronomic and physiological traits (gas exchange). Soil compaction negatively affected the agronomic traits of soybean cultivars, with better performance of the medium cycle cultivar. Net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rates were reduced up to 50% under compaction and were not influenced by cultivars. Our findings suggest that soil compaction negatively affected the performance of soybean cultivars with lower maturity groups reflecting in lower plant height, shoot and root dry mass, number of pods and grain yield. The choice of soybean cultivars with a longer cycle can be an alternative to minimize the adverse effects of soil compaction.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67478831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-02DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20220242
Mewuleddeg Zebro, Joonsung Kang, J. Heo
: Apple cultivars in Korea have been experiencing poor fruit sets due to early spring low temperatures and global warming. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of temperature on fruit setting and to select apple cultivars tolerant to extreme temperatures based on the temperature response of their pollen. The effect of temperature on pollen germination percentage (PGP) and on pollen tube length (PTL) was determined under laboratory conditions using the pollen of ten apple cultivars. The two parameters were evaluated using a pollen germination medium, at temperatures ranging from 5 to 45 °C, at 5 °C intervals. The temperature variations considerably affected pollen germination and tube growth in all the examined cultivars. The maximum pollen germination percentage ranged from 61.5 (“Green Ball”) to 99.9% (“Shinano Gold”) with a mean of 85.2%, whereas the maximum pollen tube length ranged from 716.5 (“Tsugaru”) to 989.8 µm (“Arisoo”) with mean of 855.1 µm. There were differences in the cardinal temperatures (T min , T opt , and T max ) of PGP and PTL between cultivars. Mean cardinal temperatures T min , T opt , and T max computed using the modified bilinear model were 4, 27.7, and 44.9 °C and 6.3, 28.6, and 43.7 °C for PGP and PTL, respectively. Our preliminary results may be used to select low-temperature and global warming-friendly apple cultivars for farmers and can also be exploited to develop temperature-tolerant apple cultivars during flowering.
{"title":"Effects of temperatures on pollen germination and pollen tube growth in apple","authors":"Mewuleddeg Zebro, Joonsung Kang, J. Heo","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20220242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20220242","url":null,"abstract":": Apple cultivars in Korea have been experiencing poor fruit sets due to early spring low temperatures and global warming. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of temperature on fruit setting and to select apple cultivars tolerant to extreme temperatures based on the temperature response of their pollen. The effect of temperature on pollen germination percentage (PGP) and on pollen tube length (PTL) was determined under laboratory conditions using the pollen of ten apple cultivars. The two parameters were evaluated using a pollen germination medium, at temperatures ranging from 5 to 45 °C, at 5 °C intervals. The temperature variations considerably affected pollen germination and tube growth in all the examined cultivars. The maximum pollen germination percentage ranged from 61.5 (“Green Ball”) to 99.9% (“Shinano Gold”) with a mean of 85.2%, whereas the maximum pollen tube length ranged from 716.5 (“Tsugaru”) to 989.8 µm (“Arisoo”) with mean of 855.1 µm. There were differences in the cardinal temperatures (T min , T opt , and T max ) of PGP and PTL between cultivars. Mean cardinal temperatures T min , T opt , and T max computed using the modified bilinear model were 4, 27.7, and 44.9 °C and 6.3, 28.6, and 43.7 °C for PGP and PTL, respectively. Our preliminary results may be used to select low-temperature and global warming-friendly apple cultivars for farmers and can also be exploited to develop temperature-tolerant apple cultivars during flowering.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67479600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20220225
G. Ligarreto, Luz Nayibe Garzón Gutiérrez, Christian Camilo Pimentel Ladino
Black node disease is one of the most limiting biotic stresses affecting bean production in the Andean countries. The objective of the study was to evaluate the degree of resistance to Boeremia noackiana against genotypes of Phaseolus vulgaris, Phaseolus polyanthus, and their interspecific crosses using two disease evaluation methods (pathogenicity test in the greenhouse and in vitro) to contribute the generation knowledge towards the use of durable resistance. Black node disease severity was assessed using a descriptive scale and the leaf detached method under greenhouse and in-vitro conditions. The results of the study confirmed the isolate Ascochyta ASC 001 pathogenicity, allowing the different genotypes to be discriminated. A contrasting resistance response was confirmed for the two methodologies used to estimate severity. Accession G35575 (P. polyanthus) was the most resistant whereas NCB 226 (P. vulgaris) was the most susceptible. Regional cultivars Simijaca and Cabrera, together with Cargamanto Blanco and Bacata, showed fluctuations in their reaction to the disease from intermediate to susceptible. Resistance was confirmed in the interspecific crosses of the ASC series, which can be an alternative in breeding programs for durable resistance in common beans. The percent leaf area affected was identified as a variable that can be easily assessed, and the processing and analysis of digital images in vitro avoided the use of destructive sampling. This technique is a fast, useful, and economical tool for this type of studies, as it provides the possibility of accelerating the selection of genotypes with resistance.
{"title":"Differential responses of Phaseolus spp. against Black node disease (Boeremia noackiana)","authors":"G. Ligarreto, Luz Nayibe Garzón Gutiérrez, Christian Camilo Pimentel Ladino","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20220225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20220225","url":null,"abstract":"Black node disease is one of the most limiting biotic stresses affecting bean production in the Andean countries. The objective of the study was to evaluate the degree of resistance to Boeremia noackiana against genotypes of Phaseolus vulgaris, Phaseolus polyanthus, and their interspecific crosses using two disease evaluation methods (pathogenicity test in the greenhouse and in vitro) to contribute the generation knowledge towards the use of durable resistance. Black node disease severity was assessed using a descriptive scale and the leaf detached method under greenhouse and in-vitro conditions. The results of the study confirmed the isolate Ascochyta ASC 001 pathogenicity, allowing the different genotypes to be discriminated. A contrasting resistance response was confirmed for the two methodologies used to estimate severity. Accession G35575 (P. polyanthus) was the most resistant whereas NCB 226 (P. vulgaris) was the most susceptible. Regional cultivars Simijaca and Cabrera, together with Cargamanto Blanco and Bacata, showed fluctuations in their reaction to the disease from intermediate to susceptible. Resistance was confirmed in the interspecific crosses of the ASC series, which can be an alternative in breeding programs for durable resistance in common beans. The percent leaf area affected was identified as a variable that can be easily assessed, and the processing and analysis of digital images in vitro avoided the use of destructive sampling. This technique is a fast, useful, and economical tool for this type of studies, as it provides the possibility of accelerating the selection of genotypes with resistance.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67479584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20230001
Muhammad Naveed Aslam, T. Mukhtar
: For proper disease management, accurate diagnosis of the pathogen is essential. Therefore, in the present study Ralstonia solanacearum causing bacterial wilt of chili was characterized to determine the distribution of biovars of the bacterium in the eight agroecological zones with varying climatic conditions and edaphic factors. Among all the 114 isolates of R. solanacearum , 77% showed mucoid growth while 23% isolates gave non-mucoid growth. Similarly, the isolates with mucoid growth were found positive for hypersensitivity response (HR), while those with non-mucoid growth showed negative HR. All the isolates grew well at 37 °C, while none of the isolates produced its colony at 41 °C. All the 114 isolates of R. solanacearum showed positive responses for all the biochemical tests used for confirmation of the bacterium. Out of 114 R. solanacearum isolates, 81% were identified as Biovar III while the remaining 19% were recognized as Biovar IV. Biovar III constituted 37 and 70% in the provinces of Punjab and Sindh, respectively, while Biovar IV formed 19 and 30%. On the other hand, in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan, only Biovar III was recorded. Similarly, Biovar III was observed from all the eight agroecological zones of the four provinces of the country and found to be predominant. On the other hand, Biovar IV was recorded from four agroecological zones located in the provinces of Punjab and Sindh. All the isolates yielded a 750-bp band that corresponded to R. solanacearum . It is concluded that Biovar III is widely prevalent in the country warranting stringent control measures.
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Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20220176
P. Leão, Carlos Roberto Silva de Oliveira
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the grape cultivar combined with rootstocks on yield and fruit traits of grapevine in the São Francisco Valley, in the Northeast of Brazil. The experiment was carried out over eight growing seasons (2014 to 2018) in Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. The treatments were represented by five seedless table grape cultivars (A Dona, Arizul, Marroo Seedless, BRS Clara, and BRS Maria Bonita) and six rootstocks (IAC 313, IAC 766, IAC 572, SO4, Harmony, and Paulsen 1103) in a randomized block experimental design with three replicates. Principal component analysis showed that 59.2% of the variation found in the data was related to principal component (PC) 1 (42.76%) associated with the number of bunches and berry weight, length, and diameter variables; and PC 2 (16.4%) correlated with yield per vine. The yield per vine showed a significant positive correlation with number of bunches, bunch length, soluble solids content, and titratable acidity, and showed a negative correlation with berry length. A Dona and Marroo Seedless grapes had the highest yield, regardless of the rootstocks they were grafted onto, whereas BRS Clara had high values for soluble solids content and titratable acidity and a balanced SS/TA ratio. In contrast, BRS Maria Bonita had the lowest yielding grape cultivar, although it had the greatest bunch weight and berry length. The rootstocks affected the agronomic performance of the table grape cultivars in most variables, depending on the effect of different grape cultivars × rootstock combinations.
本研究的目的是研究葡萄品种与砧木组合对巴西东北部奥弗朗西斯科山谷葡萄产量和果实性状的影响。该实验在巴西伯南布哥州的彼得里纳进行了八个生长季节(2014年至2018年)。采用随机区组试验设计，采用3个重复，5个无核鲜食葡萄品种(A Dona、Arizul、Marroo无核葡萄、BRS Clara和BRS Maria Bonita)和6个砧木品种(IAC 313、IAC 766、IAC 572、SO4、Harmony和Paulsen 1103)。主成分分析表明，59.2%的变异与主成分(PC) 1(42.76%)有关，主成分(PC) 1与串数和果实重、长、径相关;pc2与单株产量相关(16.4%)。单株产量与串数、串长、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸度呈极显著正相关，与果实长度呈极显著负相关。无论嫁接到何种砧木上，A Dona和Marroo无籽葡萄的产量最高，而BRS Clara的可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸度较高，SS/TA比值平衡。相比之下，BRS Maria Bonita是产量最低的葡萄品种，尽管它有最大的串重和浆果长度。砧木对鲜食葡萄品种农艺性能的影响在大多数变量上均存在差异，这主要取决于不同葡萄品种×砧木组合的效果。
{"title":"Agronomic performance of table grape cultivars affected by rootstocks in semi-arid conditions","authors":"P. Leão, Carlos Roberto Silva de Oliveira","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20220176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20220176","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the grape cultivar combined with rootstocks on yield and fruit traits of grapevine in the São Francisco Valley, in the Northeast of Brazil. The experiment was carried out over eight growing seasons (2014 to 2018) in Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. The treatments were represented by five seedless table grape cultivars (A Dona, Arizul, Marroo Seedless, BRS Clara, and BRS Maria Bonita) and six rootstocks (IAC 313, IAC 766, IAC 572, SO4, Harmony, and Paulsen 1103) in a randomized block experimental design with three replicates. Principal component analysis showed that 59.2% of the variation found in the data was related to principal component (PC) 1 (42.76%) associated with the number of bunches and berry weight, length, and diameter variables; and PC 2 (16.4%) correlated with yield per vine. The yield per vine showed a significant positive correlation with number of bunches, bunch length, soluble solids content, and titratable acidity, and showed a negative correlation with berry length. A Dona and Marroo Seedless grapes had the highest yield, regardless of the rootstocks they were grafted onto, whereas BRS Clara had high values for soluble solids content and titratable acidity and a balanced SS/TA ratio. In contrast, BRS Maria Bonita had the lowest yielding grape cultivar, although it had the greatest bunch weight and berry length. The rootstocks affected the agronomic performance of the table grape cultivars in most variables, depending on the effect of different grape cultivars × rootstock combinations.","PeriodicalId":9260,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67479246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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