湘语非完整体标记 “在屋里” 的聚焦度及其演变研究

摘要:湘语中的“在屋里”既能表示某一时点动作正在进行,也能表示某一时段动作的持续进行或惯常发生,还可以与形容词共现表示某种状态,呈现出“低聚焦”的特点。“在屋里”在演变过程中与“在这/那里” 相互竞争,经历了“高聚焦>低聚焦>零聚焦”的动态过程,其“低聚焦”性与“在这/那里”的“高聚焦”性在非完整体内部形成对立。“在屋里”的虚化受原型模型的驱动,同时隐喻、类推和重新分析等机制发挥了重要作用,其过程同时伴随主观性增强的特征。ABSTRACT:Zai wu-li (literally “in the house”) in Xiang dialect can be used to denote the progressiveness of an act in a particular time point, and the continuity or habituality of an act in a period of time, and can co-occur with adjectives to indicate a certain state. It displays a feature of low focality. Competing with zai zhe-er/na-er (meaning here/there), zai wu-li has undergone a dynamic evolution of “high focality>low focality> non-focality”, and its low focality contrasts with the high focality displayed by zai zhe-er/na-er in Xiang dialect within the imperfective system. The grammaticalization of zai wu-li is largely driven by prototype model, while mechanisms like metaphor, analogy and reanalysis also play a role. The grammaticalization process is accompanied by the enhancement of subjectivity.