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We first analyze participants’ language behavior during the separation phase following migration, when youth sought to defend themselves from anti-Indigenous harm and discrimination through discourse practices such as cloaking or denying Maya proficiency, claiming to be Mexican or non-Indigenous Guatemalan, or avoiding speaking Spanish or K’iche’ in public. Participants also employed techniques of bodily concealment that were believed to make them less racially identifiable in physical terms. As time went on, youth felt less of a need to defend themselves from stigmas attached to Indigeneity and Guatemalan identity and began to consider possibilities for expressing ethnic and linguistic pride in communal settings. This reflection was enabled by youth’s growing embeddedness in Los Angeles’s multicultural society along with coethnic small group settings that valorized Indigeneity and invited youth to compare their trajectories to those of other immigrant groups. 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引用次数: 1
摘要
摘要:本文将当代关于青年移民、土著、种族和语言的学术研究与关于阈限和成人仪式的形成性工作进行了对话。通过六年的参与观察和对洛杉矶说母语玛雅人(主要是K ' iche ')的危地马拉青年工人的采访,我们将当代美国拉丁美洲原住民的城市移民生活特征的转变理论化,作为从分离到完善的阈值状态的通道。我们首先分析了参与者在移民后的分离阶段的语言行为,当时年轻人试图通过话语实践来保护自己免受反土著的伤害和歧视,例如掩饰或否认玛雅语的熟练程度,声称自己是墨西哥人或非土著危地马拉人,或避免在公共场合说西班牙语或K ' iche '。参与者还使用了身体隐藏的技术,据信这可以使他们在身体上不那么容易被识别出种族。随着时间的推移,年轻人感到不太需要为自己辩护,以免受到土著和危地马拉身份的污名,并开始考虑在社区环境中表达种族和语言自豪感的可能性。这种反思是由于年轻人越来越多地融入洛杉矶的多元文化社会,以及同族小团体的环境,这些环境强调了土著性,并邀请年轻人将他们的轨迹与其他移民群体的轨迹进行比较。我们承认土著青年移民到美国时所遇到的独特挑战。然而,我们的研究结果指出,除了土著拉丁人在移民后的羞耻、恐惧和歧视经历之外,在长期流亡或生存的背景下,语言维护和文化自豪感的可能性。
Thresholds of liminality: discourse and embodiment from separation to consummation among Guatemalan Maya youth workers in Los Angeles
Abstract This paper brings contemporary scholarship on youth migration, Indigeneity, race, and language into conversation with formative work on liminality and rites of passage. Drawing on six years’ worth of participant observation and interviews with L1 Maya (primarily K’iche’) speaking Guatemalan youth workers in Los Angeles, we theorize the transformations that characterize urban immigrant life for Indigenous Latinxs in the contemporary United States as a passage through the liminal state from separation to consummation. We first analyze participants’ language behavior during the separation phase following migration, when youth sought to defend themselves from anti-Indigenous harm and discrimination through discourse practices such as cloaking or denying Maya proficiency, claiming to be Mexican or non-Indigenous Guatemalan, or avoiding speaking Spanish or K’iche’ in public. Participants also employed techniques of bodily concealment that were believed to make them less racially identifiable in physical terms. As time went on, youth felt less of a need to defend themselves from stigmas attached to Indigeneity and Guatemalan identity and began to consider possibilities for expressing ethnic and linguistic pride in communal settings. This reflection was enabled by youth’s growing embeddedness in Los Angeles’s multicultural society along with coethnic small group settings that valorized Indigeneity and invited youth to compare their trajectories to those of other immigrant groups. We acknowledge the distinctive challenges that Indigenous youth encounter as immigrants to the US. However, our findings point beyond Indigenous Latinxs’ post-migration experiences of shame, fear, and discrimination to possibilities for language maintenance and cultural pride in the context of long-term sobrevivencia, or survival, in diaspora.
期刊介绍:
The International Journal of the Sociology of Language (IJSL) is dedicated to the development of the sociology of language as a truly international and interdisciplinary field in which various approaches – theoretical and empirical – supplement and complement each other, contributing thereby to the growth of language-related knowledge, applications, values and sensitivities. Five of the journal''s annual issues are topically focused, all of the articles in such issues being commissioned in advance, after acceptance of proposals. One annual issue is reserved for single articles on the sociology of language. Selected issues throughout the year also feature a contribution on small languages and small language communities.