金论与萌芽论

IF 0.9 3区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Osiris Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI:10.1086/713657
Hannah-Louise Clark
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引用次数: 3

摘要

本文以1890年至1940年殖民时期的阿尔及利亚为中心,探讨了穆斯林知识分子和普通人对微生物的了解,以及他们对细菌医学的反应。许多阿尔及利亚人害怕看不见的精灵,并寻求圣人和驱魔师的治疗力量。当时是否允许穆斯林使用法国的治疗方法并遵守巴斯德的卫生规则?在阿尔及利亚的殖民征服和暴力之后,伊斯兰法专家、其他知识分子和没有字母的村民对这些和其他问题表现出了持续的关注,因为新的技术、疗法和形式的认识权威被引入,宗教正统和民族复兴的新愿景被制定出来。这篇文章考察了一系列流派和形式的著作,包括独立法律推理论文、穆夫提准备的问答、流行请愿书、报纸文章、广告、诗歌和漫画,认为伊斯兰传统和法律是20世纪初阿尔及利亚新兴的微生物科学和文化的组成部分。当伊斯兰改革派试图取代金的疾病理论时,其他阿尔及利亚知识分子和殖民地官员发现用金来解释细菌很方便。法国和穆斯林精英男性都试图将宗教法与卫生建议相结合,以推进针对穆斯林家庭的相互竞争的霸权项目,从而试图取代女性基于精灵的做法。
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Of Jinn Theories and Germ Theories
Focusing on colonial Algeria ca. 1890 to 1940, this article explores what Muslim intellectuals and ordinary people learned about microbes and how they responded to bacteriological medicine. Many Algerians feared invisible spirits (jinn) and sought the healing powers of saints and exorcists. Was it then permitted for Muslims to use French treatments and follow Pasteurian rules of hygiene? Specialists in Islamic law, other intellectuals, and unlettered villagers showed a persistent concern with these and other questions in the wake of colonial conquest and violence in Algeria, as novel techniques, therapeutics, and forms of epistemic authority were introduced, and new visions of religious orthodoxy and national revival were formulated. Examining writings across a range of genres and formats—including a treatise of independent juristic reasoning (ijtihad), questions and answers prepared by a mufti, popular petitions, newspaper articles, advertisements, poetry, and a cartoon—this article argues that Islamic tradition and law were integral to the emerging science and culture of microbes in early twentieth-century Algeria. While Islamic reformists sought to displace jinn theories of illness, other Algerian intellectuals and colonial officials found it convenient to explain germs in terms of jinn. Both French and Muslim elite men sought to combine religious law with hygienic advice to advance competing hegemonic projects targeted at the Muslim family, thereby attempting to displace women’s jinn-based practices.
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来源期刊
Osiris
Osiris 管理科学-科学史与科学哲学
CiteScore
1.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
18
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Founded in 1936 by George Sarton, and relaunched by the History of Science Society in 1985, Osiris is an annual thematic journal that highlights research on significant themes in the history of science. Recent volumes have included Scientific Masculinities, History of Science and the Emotions, and Data Histories.
期刊最新文献
Front and Back Matter Notes on the Contributors Acknowledgments Statecraft by Algorithms Introduction
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