管理淡水物种和聚集体的开发,以保护和恢复淡水生物多样性

IF 4.3 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Environmental Reviews Pub Date : 2023-08-02 DOI:10.1139/er-2022-0118
S. Cooke, M. Piczak, E. Nyboer, F. Michalski, Abigal Bennett, A. A. Koning, Kathy A. Hughes, Yushun Chen, Jinming Wu, I. Cowx, L. Koehnken, R. Raghavan, P. Pompeu, S. Phang, J. Valbo‐Jørgensen, M. Bendixen, Aurora Torres, A. Getahun, G. Kondolf, M. Acreman, Andrew M. Song, W. Taylor
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引用次数: 1

摘要

几千年来,人类一直从地球上提取生物和物理资源,以维持社会的发展,并使技术和基础设施得以发展。人口增长和消费模式的变化增加了人类对生态系统及其生物多样性的影响,包括对淡水的影响。淡水生态系统和生物多样性面临许多威胁,现在人们普遍认为我们正处于生物多样性危机之中。保护和恢复淡水生物多样性的一种方法是更好地管理淡水生物群和总资源(如沙、砾石、巨石)的开发。在此,我们概述了这种开采所产生的威胁,并确定了应对方案,以确保开采方法和水平是可持续的,并允许恢复过度开采的淡水生物多样性和生态系统。我们提供的指导将使从业者、政策制定者和资源管理者能够采用有效、可持续和基于证据的资源开采方法。管理物种开发的应对方案包括加强评估和报告,使用基于科学的方法减少过度开发和支持恢复,接受社区参与,以及建立或加强立法。管理淡水总资源开采的应对方案包括减少对收获的需求,加强治理、报告和监测环境影响,促进退化生态系统的恢复或补偿损失。不同的案例研究突出了在哪些地方实施了各种管理行动的例子,以努力考虑如何扩大和适应其他情况。管理开发将是保护和恢复全球淡水生物多样性所需的更广泛倡议的一个关键方面。
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Managing exploitation of freshwater species and aggregates to protect and restore freshwater biodiversity
For millennia humans have extracted biological and physical resources from the planet to sustain societies and enable the development of technology and infrastructure. Growth in the human population and changing consumption patterns have increased the human footprint on ecosystems and their biodiversity, including in fresh waters. Freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity face many threats and it is now widely accepted that we are in a biodiversity crisis. One means of protecting and restoring freshwater biodiversity is to better manage the exploitation of freshwater biota and aggregate resources (e.g., sand, gravel, boulders). Here we outline the threats arising from such exploitation and identify response options to ensure that methods and levels of extraction are sustainable and allow recovery of over-exploited freshwater biodiversity and ecosystems. The guidance we provide will enable practitioners, policy makers, and resource stewards to embrace effective, sustainable, and evidence-based approaches to resource extraction. Response options for managing species exploitation include strengthening assessment and reporting, using science-based approaches to reduce overexploitation and support recovery, embracing community engagement, and building or tightening legislation. Response options for managing exploitation of freshwater aggregate resources include reducing demand for harvest, strengthening governance, reporting, and monitoring of environmental impacts, and promoting the restoration of degraded ecosystems or compensating for losses. Diverse case studies highlight examples of where various management actions have been implemented in an effort to consider how they can be scaled up and adapted to other contexts. Managing exploitation will be a key aspect of broader initiatives needed to protect and restore freshwater biodiversity around the globe.
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来源期刊
Environmental Reviews
Environmental Reviews 环境科学-环境科学
自引率
3.50%
发文量
45
期刊介绍: Published since 1993, Environmental Reviews is a quarterly journal that presents authoritative literature reviews on a wide range of environmental science and associated environmental studies topics, with emphasis on the effects on and response of both natural and manmade ecosystems to anthropogenic stress. The authorship and scope are international, with critical literature reviews submitted and invited on such topics as sustainability, water supply management, climate change, harvesting impacts, acid rain, pesticide use, lake acidification, air and marine pollution, oil and gas development, biological control, food chain biomagnification, rehabilitation of polluted aquatic systems, erosion, forestry, bio-indicators of environmental stress, conservation of biodiversity, and many other environmental issues.
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