探访长角蛇的家:对帕奎梅作为北美西南部朝圣地点的关系分析

IF 1.6 2区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Journal of Social Archaeology Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI:10.1177/1469605318762819
Todd L. VanPool, Christine S. Vanpool
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引用次数: 6

摘要

奇瓦瓦州的帕基伊姆斯是中世纪(公元1200年至1450年)Casas Grandes世界的仪式中心,也是地区朝圣的焦点。我们使用关系的视角来探索在朝圣过程中创造和表达的联系。我们认为,帕奎伊姆斯被认为是一个有生命的城市,朝圣者通过提供海洋贝壳和其他具有象征意义的重要物品,积极地支持着它的活力。一个覆盖整个地区的信号火网以蒙特祖玛山(Cerro de Moctezuma)为中心,这是一座可以俯瞰帕基伊姆维尔的小山,它召唤着朝圣者。仪式谈判也集中在死者身上,可能至少偶尔包括活人祭祀。虽然朝圣的重点是与水有关的仪式,但他们也包括社区和精英竞争,这反映在球场等建筑特征上。朝圣的中心是与有角的蛇谈判,这是一个控制水的神,与整个中美洲和西南地区的领导有关。有角的蛇是主要的超自然实体反映在现场和陶器朝圣者带回他们的社区。因此,在朝圣时期,卡萨斯格兰德斯人创造并改变了他们与彼此、宗教精英、死者、风景和有角蛇的关系。这些关系反过来又反映在整个区域(例如,Ramos Polychrome的广泛分布)。因此,这个案例研究表明,在整个问题中提出的关系视角具有提供对考古记录及其反映的过去社会结构的深入了解的潜力。
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Visiting the horned serpent’s home: A relational analysis of Paquimé as a pilgrimage site in the North American Southwest
Paquimé, Chihuahua, was the ceremonial center of the Medio period (AD 1200 to 1450) Casas Grandes world, and the focus of regional pilgrimages. We use a relational perspective to explore the connections that were created and expressed during the pilgrimage. We propose that Paquimé was considered a living city, and that pilgrims actively supported its vitality through offerings of marine shells and other symbolically important goods. A region-wide network of signal fires centered on Cerro de Moctezuma, a hill directly overlooking Paquimé, summoned pilgrims. Ritual negotiations also focused on the dead and may have included at least occasional human sacrifice. While the pilgrimages focused on water-related ritual, they also included community and elite competition as reflected in architectural features such as the ball courts. Central to the pilgrimage was negotiation with the horned serpent, a deity that controlled water and was associated with leadership throughout Mesoamerica and the Southwest. The horned serpent is the primary supernatural entity reflected at the site and in the pottery pilgrims took with them back to their communities. Thus, the pilgrimages were times when the Casas Grandes people created and transformed their relationships with each other, religious elites, the dead, the landscape, and the horned serpent. These relationships in turn are reflected across the region (e.g., the broad distribution of Ramos Polychrome). This case study consequently demonstrates the potential that the relational perspective presented throughout this issue has for providing insight into the archaeological record and the past social structures it reflects.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.10
自引率
8.30%
发文量
9
期刊介绍: The Journal of Social Archaeology is a fully peer reviewed international journal that promotes interdisciplinary research focused on social approaches in archaeology, opening up new debates and areas of exploration. It engages with and contributes to theoretical developments from other related disciplines such as feminism, queer theory, postcolonialism, social geography, literary theory, politics, anthropology, cognitive studies and behavioural science. It is explicitly global in outlook with temporal parameters from prehistory to recent periods. As well as promoting innovative social interpretations of the past, it also encourages an exploration of contemporary politics and heritage issues.
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