寻找意大利动词范式的肯纳福门。一项实验研究

Pier Marco Bertinetto, C. Finocchiaro, Clara Rastelli
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摘要

一般认为,在屈折范式中,某些形式在认知上比其他形式更突出。尽管这种影响是给定范式的所有形式都一致的各种伴随因素的结果,但显著形式的存在对于帮助说话者预测范式的剩余形式至关重要。“显著形式”的概念隐含在Wolfgang Ullrich Wurzel作为屈折类标记提出的所谓Kennform(en)中。显著性的一个可能候选者是所谓的引文形式,即词典中词汇的引用形式,但这应该在逐个语言的基础上进行检查。本文论述了在意大利动词范式中定义最显著形式的任务。通过三个词汇决策实验,将不定式(引文形式)的表现与其最可能的竞争对手(即大多数动词中最常见的形式现在指示语3SG和一些词典学传统中被选为引文形式的现在指示语1SG)的表现进行了比较。结果表明,Infinitive和Present指示性3SG优于Present指示性1SG,以及在实验中用作对照和填充物的各种其他形式,但彼此没有差异。这为复杂动词范式的组织提供了一个有趣的见解,比如意大利语。特别是,它表明显著性取决于各种形态和心理语言学因素的相互作用,这些因素的相对权重是所考虑的特定语言的函数。
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Looking for the Kennformen of the Italian verb paradigm. An experimental study
It is generally assumed that, within an inflectional paradigm, some forms are cognitively more salient than others. Although this effect is the result of various concomitant factors to which all forms of the given paradigm concur, the existence of salient forms is crucial to assist the speaker in predicting the remaining forms of the paradigm. The notion of ‘salient form(s)’ was implicit in the so-called Kennform(en) proposed by Wolfgang Ullrich Wurzel as inflectional class marker(s). A possible candidate to salience is the so-called citation-form, i.e. the form by means of which lexemes are referred to in a dictionary, but this should be checked on a language-by-language basis. The present paper addresses the task of defining the most salient form(s) within the Italian verb paradigm. By means of three lexical decision experiments, the performance on the Infinitive (the citation-form) was compared with the performance on its most likely competitors, i.e. the Present Indicative 3SG, which is the most frequent form of most verbs, and the Present Indicative 1SG, which is selected as citation-form in some lexicographic traditions. The results indicate that the Infinitive and the Present Indicative 3SG prevail over the Present Indicative 1SG – as well as on various other forms used as controls and fillers in the experiments – but do not differ from each other. This offers an interesting insight into the organization of a complex verb paradigm, such as the Italian one. In particular, it shows that salience depends on the interaction of various morphological and psycholinguistic factors, whose relative weight is a function of the specific language considered.
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