已灭绝的岛夜鹭(Aves:Ardeidae)的骨骼学和历史数据,特别是阿森松岛、马斯卡伦斯和博宁群岛

IF 1.6 4区 地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY Geobios Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI:10.1016/j.geobios.2023.01.009
Julian P. Hume
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引用次数: 0

摘要

夜鹭属(Nycticorax 和 Nyctanassa)的夜鹭善于在岛屿上定居,栖息在许多海洋岛屿和群岛上。大陆物种和栖息在大型岛屿上的物种一般不会被认为受到威胁,而局限于小型海洋岛屿上的夜鹭则特别容易受到人类的干扰。因此,在已描述的 9 个物种和 1 个亚种中,有 6 个物种和 1 个亚种现已灭绝,它们都来自夜鹭(Nycticorax nycticorax)、夜鹭(Nycticorax caledonicus)或夜鹭(Nyctanassa violacea),另有 3 个已灭绝物种有待描述。已灭绝的岛屿特有种通常表现出对岛屿环境和食物的形态适应,如体型增大或减小、颌和腿粗壮、翅膀较小以及飞行能力比始祖鸟减弱等。在此,我将对已灭绝的大洋岛屿夜鹭进行骨学比较和历史描述,特别是马斯卡林岛和阿森松岛化石物种以及博宁岛亚种,并展示原种和岛屿类群之间的形态变化程度。我还进一步讨论了它们灭绝的原因。
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Osteological and historical data on extinct island night herons (Aves: Ardeidae), with special reference to Ascension Island, the Mascarenes and Bonin Islands

Night herons of the genus Nycticorax and Nyctanassa are adept island colonisers, occurring on a number of oceanic islands and island archipelagos. Continental species and those inhabiting large islands are generally not considered threatened, whereas night herons restricted to small, oceanic islands are particularly vulnerable to human interference. As a result, six out of nine described species and one subspecies, all derived from Nycticorax nycticorax, Nycticorax caledonicus or Nyctanassa violacea, are now extinct whereas a further three extinct species await description. The extinct island endemics generally exhibit morphological adaptations to an insular environment and diet, such as an increase or decrease in size, robust jaws and legs, and smaller wings with associated reduced flying ability than founding stock. Here I present an osteological comparison along with historical descriptions of the extinct, oceanic island night herons, with special reference to the Mascarene and Ascension fossil species, and Bonin Island subspecies, and show the degree of morphological changes between the founding and island taxa. I further discuss the reasons why they became extinct.

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来源期刊
Geobios
Geobios 地学-古生物学
CiteScore
3.30
自引率
6.20%
发文量
28
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Geobios publishes bimonthly in English original peer-reviewed articles of international interest in any area of paleontology, paleobiology, paleoecology, paleobiogeography, (bio)stratigraphy and biogeochemistry. All taxonomic groups are treated, including microfossils, invertebrates, plants, vertebrates and ichnofossils. Geobios welcomes descriptive papers based on original material (e.g. large Systematic Paleontology works), as well as more analytically and/or methodologically oriented papers, provided they offer strong and significant biochronological/biostratigraphical, paleobiogeographical, paleobiological and/or phylogenetic new insights and perspectices. A high priority level is given to synchronic and/or diachronic studies based on multi- or inter-disciplinary approaches mixing various fields of Earth and Life Sciences. Works based on extant data are also considered, provided they offer significant insights into geological-time studies.
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