Percentage of excess body mass index loss and cardiometabolic risk reduction in Peruvian adults undergoing sleeve gastrectomy

Objective

To assess the association between the percentage of excess body mass index loss (%EBMIL) and cardiometabolic risk reduction in Peruvian adults undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG).

Methods

Retrospective cohort study conducted with adult patients who underwent LSG in a bariatric clinic during 2016–2020. The outcome variable was cardiometabolic risk change (expressed in Δ) 1 year after LSG. To that effect, the variables total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, very LDL (VLDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR at baseline and after 12 months were considered. The exposure variable was %EBMIL. Crude and adjusted β coefficients were estimated with linear regression models.

Results

Of the 110 patients analyzed, 68.2% were women, and the median patient age was 34.5 years. In the model adjusted for sex, age, and baseline BMI, we noted that each 25% increase in %EBMIL resulted in a decrease in the values for total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, and insulin by 10.36 mg/dL (p < 0.001), 7.98 mg/dL (p = 0.001), 13.35 mg/dL (p = 0.033), and 3.63 uU/mL (p = 0.040), respectively.

Conclusion

%EBMIL was associated with a decrease in total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, and insulin levels, which could suggest a favorable cardiometabolic evolution during the first 12 months following LSG.