Counting and boundary limit theorems for representations of Gromov‐hyperbolic groups

Given a Gromov‐hyperbolic group G$G$ endowed with a finite symmetric generating set, we study the statistics of counting measures on the spheres of the associated Cayley graph under linear representations of G$G$ . More generally, we obtain a weak law of large numbers for subadditive functions, echoing the classical Fekete lemma. For strongly irreducible and proximal representations, we prove a counting central limit theorem with a Berry–Esseen type error rate and exponential large deviation estimates. Moreover, in the same setting, we show convergence of interpolated normalized matrix norms along geodesic rays to Brownian motion and a functional law of iterated logarithm, paralleling the analogous results in the theory of random matrix products. Our counting large deviation estimates address a question of Kaimanovich–Kapovich–Schupp. In most cases, our counting limit theorems will be obtained from stronger almost sure limit laws for Patterson–Sullivan measures on the boundary of the group.