2019-2022年非洲COVID-19:经济和社会解读

Q4 Arts and Humanities Historijski pogledi Pub Date : 2022-11-15 DOI:10.52259/historijskipogledi.2022.5.8.388
Samuel Adu-Gyamfi, Abas Mohammed, Jennifer Ago Obeng, Solomon Osei-Poku, Henry Tettey Yartey
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引用次数: 0

摘要

新冠肺炎疫情给全球化世界带来诸多挑战。在全球范围内,它夺去了600多万人的生命。自2019年以来,它在许多方面震撼了世界,特别是它扰乱了经济和社会,并阻止了人类的大多数努力。世界卫生组织(世卫组织)和媒体的评论和报告显示了一种令人震惊的情况,这种情况在低收入和中等收入国家可能是致命的。经济专家和全球公共卫生专家也预测非洲国家将面临厄运。然而,就死亡率而言,美洲、欧洲和亚洲遭受的损失更多。不考虑欧洲的这些损失,非洲的情况需要在我们当代的历史话语中得到更好的评价。鉴于新冠肺炎带来的巨大挑战以及由此导致的死亡人数,世卫组织有必要根据对世界过去应对流行病的历史认识,出台相关政策。为抗击大流行而采取的一些战略包括用肥皂在自来水下洗手、使用含酒精的洗手液、戴口罩、保持社交距离、自我隔离以及部分和完全封锁州和社区。重大的经济混乱实际上是非洲几个国家在没有适当考虑本国社会背景的情况下实施的许多封锁政策的结果。尽管存在这些问题,但必须强调的是,尽管感染的性质和全球社会的总体经济前景相似,但对不同社区的影响程度在很大程度上存在差异。本文当前对COVID-19论述的贡献以政治经济和经济冲击为基础,通过强调来自加纳、喀麦隆、埃塞俄比亚、阿尔及利亚和南非等非洲国家的例子,突出了该疾病的影响程度。特别是,封锁等政策对其中一些非洲国家的影响将在未来的实证研究中得到进一步讨论。这项研究的依据是来自卫生、经济、政策等多学科来源的当代历史证据,以及流行病学、公共卫生、健康教育和促进等相关研究,以及世界卫生组织(世卫组织)的报告和资料。具体来说,作者使用了《柳叶刀》、《国际传染病杂志》、《英国医学杂志全球卫生》、《公共卫生前沿》和《泛非医学杂志》上发表的研究。其他分别是《非洲发展评论》、《交通研究跨学科展望》、《非洲谱》和《国际金融研究杂志》,其中包括其他几项实证研究。在尝试基于当代历史意义的社会和经济解释时,本研究的结果表明,非洲政治行为者或领导人应该持续或稳定地努力加强其国家的经济,以减少因COVID-19等流行病而带来的经济冲击和社会成本。它还指出,在全球化的空间内,适用其他国家包括国际组织的政策不应脱离背景。
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COVID-19 in Africa: An Economic and Social Interpretation (2019-2022)
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a lot of challenges to the globalized world. Globally, it has decimated over six million lives. Since 2019, it has shook the world in many respects, especially, it disrupted economies and societies and halted the majority of human endeavor. Commentaries and reports from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the media showed an alarming situation that could be damning in low and middle income countries. Economic pundits and global public health experts also anticipated doom and gloom for African countries. However, in terms of mortality, the Americas, Europe and Asia have suffered more losses. Irrespective of these loses in Europe, Africa’s case needs better appreciation within our contemporary historical discourse. The burgeoning challenge of the COVID disease and mortalities arising thereby, among other things, necessitated the introduction of policies based on the WHO’s historical understanding of how the world has dealt with pandemics in the past. Some of the strategies that were deployed to fight the pandemic included hand washing under running water with soap, the use of alcohol based hand sanitizers, the wearing of nose masks, social distancing, self-isolation as well as partial and complete lockdowns of states and communities. The major economic disruption really came about as a result of many lockdown policies that were implemented by several countries in Africa without proper reference to their own societal contexts. These issues notwithstanding, it is important to emphasize that the extent of the impact on different communities differed to a large extent, even though there were similar levels of the nature of the infection and the general economic outlook among the global community. This current contribution on the COVID-19 discourse used political economy and economic shock as bases to highlight the extent of the impact of the disease by highlighting examples from respective countries in Africa, namely, Ghana, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Algeria and South Africa. In particular, the impact of policies like lock-down on some of these African countries are highlighted for further discussions in future empirical research. The study relied on contemporary historical evidence from multidisciplinary sources on health, economics, policy, and other related studies on epidemiology, public health, health education and promotion, reports and sources from the World Health Organization (WHO). Specifically, the authors have used published research in Lancet, the International Journal of Infectious Diseases, BMJ Global Health, Frontiers in Public Health and the Pan African Medical Journal. The others were African Development Review, Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, Africa Spectrum and International Journal of Financial Research including several other empirical researches. In attempting a social and economic interpretation based on contemporary historical sense, the findings of this present study suggest that African political actors or leaders should make persistent or steady efforts to strengthen the economies of their states to lessen economic shocks and social costs that come about as a result of pandemics such as the COVID-19. It also identified the fact that within the globalized space, application of policies from other countries including international organizations should not be devoid of context.
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来源期刊
Historijski pogledi
Historijski pogledi Arts and Humanities-History
CiteScore
0.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
46
审稿时长
20 weeks
期刊最新文献
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