进步思想:穆罕默德时代伊斯兰教的意义与启示

S. Arifin, Syafiq A. Mughni, M. Nurhakim
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引用次数: 1

摘要

Muhammadiyah是一个成立于1912年的伊斯兰宗教组织,在印度尼西亚已经存在了一个多世纪。穆罕默德的生存和动态发展激发了探索性研究,揭示了穆罕默德扩散背后的伴随因素,其中之一是伊斯兰进步思想。这项研究主要依赖于2000年代初该术语诞生前后发表的官方文件和个人作品。本研究通过系统和批判性地建构历史和神学的视角来探讨这一主题。这项研究表明,伊斯兰Berkemajuan植根于20世纪初印尼穆斯林知识分子和活动家中的进步伊斯兰话语。进步的理念是对荷兰殖民统治下印尼人的社会、政治和经济困境的一种智力回应。此外,进步的理念也特别体现在穆罕默迪耶内部圈子为提升穆斯林地位而进行的讨论中。伊斯兰进步是建立在神学基础上的。在这方面,Ahmad Dahlan关于surah al-Ashr和surah al-Ma'un的教学成为穆罕默德致力于在教学和行动中使用宗教和理性理解、发展教育、卫生服务、经济发展、赋权、慈善事业和人道主义行动背后的强大灵感。穆罕默迪耶是印度尼西亚的一个伊斯兰组织,自1912年以来一直成立,并存活了一个多世纪。穆罕默迪耶的进化历史和动态激发了探索性研究,说明了穆罕默迪亚指控的一个因素,这是伊斯兰先进思想之一。这个术语早在21世纪初就出现了。它对这个组织的历史和神学观点采用了系统和建设性的批评方法。它想表明,伊斯兰教的进步植根于20世纪初印尼知识分子和穆斯林活动家之间伊斯兰话语的进步性。进步的理念随后演变为对荷兰殖民地印尼日益恶化的社会、经济和政治的一种智力反应。进步的想法也是穆罕默迪亚内部环境发展的一部分,以促进印尼穆斯林的立场。伊斯兰教在艾哈迈德·达赫兰关于“阿舒尔”和“阿舒”的教义中也有神学基础。除了穆罕默德承诺在教学和行动、教育发展、卫生服务、经济繁荣、自由、慈善事业和人类行动中使用宗教和理性理解之外,它还成为了一种强大的激励。]
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The Idea of Progress: Meaning and Implications of Islam Berkemajuan in Muhammadiyah
Muhammadiyah is an Islamic religious organization founded in 1912 that has survived for more than a century in Indonesia. The survival and dynamic development of Muhammadiyah has inspired exploratory studies revealing the concomitant factors behind the proliferation of Muhammadiyah, one of which is the idea of Islam Berkemajuan (progressive Islam). This study relies mostly on the official documents and individual works published before and after the coinage of the terminology in the early 2000s. This study approaches the subject by systematically and critically constructing the historical and theological perspectives. This research shows that Islam Berkemajuan finds its roots in progressivice Islamic discourse among Muslim intellectuals and activists in early twentieth-century Indonesia. The idea of progress then serves as an intellectual response to social, political, and economic plight of Indonesians under Dutch colonial rule. In addition, the idea of progress is also particularly found in the discourse among inner circles of Muhammadiyah to advance the position of Muslims. Islam Berkemajuan was founded on theological grounds. In this, the teaching of Ahmad Dahlan on surah al-‘Ashr and surah al-Ma’un has become a strong inspiration behind Muhammadiyah’s commitment to using religious and rational understanding in teaching and action, developing education, health services, economic development, empowerment, philanthropy, and humanitarian action. [Muhammadiyah adalah organisasi keislaman di Indonesia yang berdiri sejak 1912 dan telah bertahan lebih dari seabad. Keberlangsungan dan dinamika perkembangan Muhammadiyah telah menginspirasi kajian eksploratif yang mencerahkan seiring faktor dakwah Muhammadiyah, salah satunya ide tentang Islam Berkemajuan. Tulisan ini sebagian besar berdasar dokumen resmi lembaga dan publikasi personal tentang Muhammadiyah baik sebelum dan sesudah terminologi ini muncul di awal tahun 2000an. Tulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan sistematis dan konstruktif kritis pada perspektif sejarah dan teologis organisasi ini. Tulisan ini ingin menunjukkan bahwa Islam Berkemajuan berakar pada progresifitas diskursus keislaman diantara intelektual dan aktivis muslim Indonesia awal abad 20. Ide kemajuan kemudian berkembang sebagai respon intelektual terhadap memburuknya sosial, ekonomi dan politik Indonesia dimasa kolonial Belanda. Ide kemajuan juga sebagian berkembang dilingkungan internal Muhammadiyah untuk mendorong posisi muslim Indonesia. Islam berkemajuan juga mempunyai landasan teologisnya dalam ajaran Ahmad Dahlan terkait surah al-‘Ashr dan surah al-Ma’un. Hal ini menjadi inspirasi kuat selain komitmen Muhammadiyah menggunakan agama dan pemahaman rasional dalam ajaran dan aksi, pengembangan pendidikan, pelayanan kesehatan, kesejahteraan ekonomi, pemberdayaan, filantropi dan aksi kemanusiaan.]
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