意识计算理论的“切片问题”

IF 0.3 0 PHILOSOPHY Open Philosophy Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI:10.1515/opphil-2022-0225
Andrés Gómez-Emilsson, Chris Percy
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引用次数: 2

摘要

“切片问题”是一个思想实验,它提出了关于意识的基底中立计算理论的问题,包括那些为计算指定某种因果结构的理论,如集成信息理论。这个思想实验使用基于水的逻辑门来构建一台计算机,以一种允许将每个门和连接干净地切成两半的方式,创建两台相同的计算机,每个计算机实例化相同的计算。切片可以通过开/关开关反转和重复,而不会改变系统中的物质量。问题是,不同的意识计算理论认为,当这个开关被打开时,个体意识单位的数量和性质发生了什么变化。在令牌解释下,现在有两个离散的意识实体;在一种类型解释下,可能只保留一种。根据所采用的理论立场,这两种解释会导致不同的含义。采取的任何路线,要么允许“意识倍增的利用”机制,要么要求意识实体之间存在模糊的界限,这就提出了需要理论家考虑的哲学和伦理问题。对于那些不愿接受意识倍增行为的人,我们讨论了在不同意识理论下的解决方案。特别是,我们指定了三个特征,可能有助于有前途的物理主义理论导航这样的思想实验。
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The “Slicing Problem” for Computational Theories of Consciousness
Abstract The “Slicing Problem” is a thought experiment that raises questions for substrate-neutral computational theories of consciousness, including those that specify a certain causal structure for the computation like Integrated Information Theory. The thought experiment uses water-based logic gates to construct a computer in a way that permits cleanly slicing each gate and connection in half, creating two identical computers each instantiating the same computation. The slicing can be reversed and repeated via an on/off switch, without changing the amount of matter in the system. The question is what do different computational theories of consciousness believe is happening to the number and nature of individual conscious units as this switch is toggled. Under a token interpretation, there are now two discrete conscious entities; under a type interpretation, there may remain only one. Both interpretations lead to different implications depending on the adopted theoretical stance. Any route taken either allows mechanisms for “consciousness-multiplying exploits” or requires ambiguous boundaries between conscious entities, raising philosophical and ethical questions for theorists to consider. We discuss resolutions under different theories of consciousness for those unwilling to accept consciousness-multiplying exploits. In particular, we specify three features that may help promising physicalist theories to navigate such thought experiments.
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来源期刊
Open Philosophy
Open Philosophy Arts and Humanities-Philosophy
CiteScore
1.40
自引率
20.00%
发文量
25
审稿时长
15 weeks
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