Study of the quality indicators of modern winter wheat varieties developed by the FSBSI ARC “Donskoy”

The current paper has presented a three-year estimation of 14 new winter bread wheat varieties, recently developed in the laboratory of half-intensive type of the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”, according to such indicators as kernel hardness, grain nature weight, protein and gluten percentage in grain, IDK, SDS-sedimentation, flour strength, volume yield of bread from 100 g of flour and general baking assessment. The main way to improve the quality of winter bread wheat grain and flour is breeding, the development of varieties and samples with optimal values of these indicators. The purpose of the current study was to estimate current winter bread wheat varieties developed by the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” according to the main quality indicators of grain and flour. Breeding for high flour-grinding and baking quality of grain has always been one of the priority areas for winter bread wheat breeding at the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. There has been identified more than 14 % of protein in grain on average for all studied varieties in 2019 (14.14 %) and 2021 (14.10 %). The average value of gluten content in grain was at the level of 27.1 %. More than 28.0 % of gluten was found in such varieties as ‘Volnitsa’ (28.9 %), ‘Podarok Krymu’ (29.5 %) and ‘Zolotoy Kolos’ (28.9 %). According to a set of quality indicators, the studied genotypes belonged to the second and third quality classes according to GOST 9353-2016. According to the study results, there have been determined significant positive correlations between protein percentage and gluten content in grain (r = 0.71±0.19); volume yield of bread and general baking assessment (r = 0.95±0.05); gluten content and flour strength (r = 0.57±0.22); grain nature weight and SDS-sedimentation (r = 0.62±0.21); SDS-sedimentation and flour strength (r = 0.63±0.21).