Classification and origins of two types of imitation Andrea Dandolo ducats

Numismatists have long puzzled over the number of imitation Andrea Dandolo ducats that circulated in the eastern Mediterranean. The minting authority, location, and purpose of these coins has proved elusive. This study distinguishes between multiple types of imitation Andrea Dandolo ducats, focusing on Dandolo Types 1 and 2. A close examination of the coins themselves, including a punch analysis and gold content measurements, suggests multiple origins. This paper presents new theories about the source and circulation of these types of imitation coins.