Analyses of Past Extremes Precipitation–Evapotranspiration Indices Over Sub-Saharan Countries

Extreme weather and climate events including extreme precipitation have increased in frequency, intensity, and severity due to climate change and hit vulnerable communities disproportionately hard. However, there is a gap in the understanding of the characteristics of extreme precipitation and their effects on socio-economic activities in sub-Saharan Africa societies. The study utilized climate hazards group infrared precipitation with station data (CHIRPS) to analyze the climate characteristics from 1981 to 2019 over Senegal, Burkina Faso, Tanzania, and Malawi. Standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and standardized precipitation index (SPI) were used to classify the precipitation and water balance anomalies with respect to the long-term observations. It was found that Burkina Faso and Senegal have a similar climate signal with more rainfall in Burkina Faso. Malawi recorded more rainfall than Tanzania. All the four countries recorded a high rainfall variability of extreme events. Standardized hydro climatic indices have shown that these sub-Saharan countries have suffered severe droughts which have negatively affected the socio-economic activities among the rural populations.