Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.1142/s2345737624500039
A. F. Tchinda, R. Tanessong, O. Mamadou, Jean Bio Chabi Orou
The North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME) has grown into a fully developed scientific database for seasonal and sub-seasonal climate forecasts, progressing prediction from global to regional scales. The NMME has continuously developed, with new models replacing old ones; it is hypothesized that this development will generate more accurate forecasts over time. However, to date, this hypothesis has not been verified in Central Africa (CA). This study investigates the hypothesis that the skill of NMME models will increase as the forecasting system advances, focusing on rainfall in CA. The study is conducted for the four configuration (phases) of NMME models, from the oldest to the most recent. The analyses are performed with Short Lead (SL) time and Long Lead (LL) time hindcasts very coherent with the perspectives of the CA. The results show from configuration 1 (phase 1) to configurations 4 (phase 4), the NMME models reasonably replicate the spatial structures in the seasonal rainfall climatology of the observations with a remarkable bias at LL. The mean absolute error and root mean square difference reveal small but incremental improvements in the prediction skills of NMME models from phase 1 to phase 4. The Pearson coefficient (r) increased in SL by about 1%, i.e., from 0.94 to 0.95 during June–August (JJA) season and about 4% during the September–November (SON), i.e., from [Formula: see text] in phase 1 to [Formula: see text] in phase 4, about 3% from phase 1 to phase 4 during the March–May (MAM). The categorical scores show that the Probability of Detection (POD) and False Alarm (FAR) increased very slightly from phase 1 to phase 4, but is it noted that the different combinations of the NMME forecasting system present difficulties in predicting rainy and dry events. It should be added that by introducing newer models into a multi-model ensemble as they are developed, and by eliminating older models, small skill gains are observed in the NMME forecasting system in CA.
{"title":"Evolution of the NMME Rainfall Seasonal Forecasting over Central Africa","authors":"A. F. Tchinda, R. Tanessong, O. Mamadou, Jean Bio Chabi Orou","doi":"10.1142/s2345737624500039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2345737624500039","url":null,"abstract":"The North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME) has grown into a fully developed scientific database for seasonal and sub-seasonal climate forecasts, progressing prediction from global to regional scales. The NMME has continuously developed, with new models replacing old ones; it is hypothesized that this development will generate more accurate forecasts over time. However, to date, this hypothesis has not been verified in Central Africa (CA). This study investigates the hypothesis that the skill of NMME models will increase as the forecasting system advances, focusing on rainfall in CA. The study is conducted for the four configuration (phases) of NMME models, from the oldest to the most recent. The analyses are performed with Short Lead (SL) time and Long Lead (LL) time hindcasts very coherent with the perspectives of the CA. The results show from configuration 1 (phase 1) to configurations 4 (phase 4), the NMME models reasonably replicate the spatial structures in the seasonal rainfall climatology of the observations with a remarkable bias at LL. The mean absolute error and root mean square difference reveal small but incremental improvements in the prediction skills of NMME models from phase 1 to phase 4. The Pearson coefficient (r) increased in SL by about 1%, i.e., from 0.94 to 0.95 during June–August (JJA) season and about 4% during the September–November (SON), i.e., from [Formula: see text] in phase 1 to [Formula: see text] in phase 4, about 3% from phase 1 to phase 4 during the March–May (MAM). The categorical scores show that the Probability of Detection (POD) and False Alarm (FAR) increased very slightly from phase 1 to phase 4, but is it noted that the different combinations of the NMME forecasting system present difficulties in predicting rainy and dry events. It should be added that by introducing newer models into a multi-model ensemble as they are developed, and by eliminating older models, small skill gains are observed in the NMME forecasting system in CA.","PeriodicalId":73748,"journal":{"name":"Journal of extreme events","volume":"84 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141359845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-10DOI: 10.1142/s234573762441001x
Cory Armstrong
This study examines how prior experience with tornados and predicted warning lead times of severe weather may influence one’s willingness to take protective action when a potential tornadic event is imminent. Using theoretical constructs from the Protective Action Decision Model and Risk Information Seeking and Processing model, the project examines how individuals make decisions about taking protective action and what factors motivate them during severe weather. The overall focus of the study is the impact of prior experience with tornados, geographic location and amount of warning lead time on an individual’s likelihood to prepare for potential severe weather. A survey of 679 mid-south residents provided insight into their perceptions of warning language and events. Results indicated that individuals who live in rural areas and those who have more prior experience with tornadic events are more likely to engage in protective behavior. Further, an interaction was noted, indicating those with more prior experience with tornados reporting that they needed less warning lead time to prepare when compared to those with less prior experience, who reported they wished for more lead warning time. Finally, definitions of “tornado warning” noted that more than half of participants did correctly identify its meaning.
{"title":"Are You Watching or Warning? the Role of Comprehension, Warning Lead Time and Prior Experience On Individual Preparation of Tornadic Events","authors":"Cory Armstrong","doi":"10.1142/s234573762441001x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s234573762441001x","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines how prior experience with tornados and predicted warning lead times of severe weather may influence one’s willingness to take protective action when a potential tornadic event is imminent. Using theoretical constructs from the Protective Action Decision Model and Risk Information Seeking and Processing model, the project examines how individuals make decisions about taking protective action and what factors motivate them during severe weather. The overall focus of the study is the impact of prior experience with tornados, geographic location and amount of warning lead time on an individual’s likelihood to prepare for potential severe weather. A survey of 679 mid-south residents provided insight into their perceptions of warning language and events. Results indicated that individuals who live in rural areas and those who have more prior experience with tornadic events are more likely to engage in protective behavior. Further, an interaction was noted, indicating those with more prior experience with tornados reporting that they needed less warning lead time to prepare when compared to those with less prior experience, who reported they wished for more lead warning time. Finally, definitions of “tornado warning” noted that more than half of participants did correctly identify its meaning.","PeriodicalId":73748,"journal":{"name":"Journal of extreme events","volume":" 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140991394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.1142/s2345737624500015
A. Liguori, Lindsey McEwen, Karen Le Rossignol, Sharron Kraus, Michael Wilson
This paper proposes a critical reflection on the use of language to address the challenge of promoting and supporting civic agencies in adaptation to increasing extreme weather risk. Such reflection needs to focus on the opportunities and limitations of language, and the navigation amongst multiple or contested meanings within interdisciplinary and inter-sectorial collaborations. This commentary was inspired by the authors’ conversations on their journey in writing the paper — Liguori et al. (2023) “Exploring the uses of arts-led community spaces to build resilience: Applied storytelling for successful co-creative work” and the impact it had on their understanding of various language systems. Here writing was conceived as a form of networking, undertaking a sequence of intimate, in-depth discussions in a safe space. ‘Playing’ with words, moving out from our disciplinary homes, provided a fertile way of thinking within multi/inter-sectorial/disciplinary conversations to expand the language system for meaningful community engagement around local climate adaptation. Three key terms were at the core of these diverse — and sometimes divergent — ways of looking at social preparedness for extreme weather events: disruption, empowerment, and creative ecosystem. The meta-reflections, based on iterative conversations around these three key terms, highlight the importance of explorations of language as a generative meaning-making process that can be boundary-spanning. There is significant value in understanding the implications of language used in public engagement — its different interpretations, their loading and potential for transformed thinking when conceived creatively. Such insight can contribute to more effective approaches for participatory research and practice working with communities when addressing issues related to climate adaptation. This commentary argues that the socially engaged or participatory arts are particularly well placed to be active in such processes.
{"title":"“Gentle Disruptions”: A Critical Reflection on Participatory Arts in Expanding the Language System for Meaningful Community Engagement Around Local Climate Adaptation","authors":"A. Liguori, Lindsey McEwen, Karen Le Rossignol, Sharron Kraus, Michael Wilson","doi":"10.1142/s2345737624500015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2345737624500015","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a critical reflection on the use of language to address the challenge of promoting and supporting civic agencies in adaptation to increasing extreme weather risk. Such reflection needs to focus on the opportunities and limitations of language, and the navigation amongst multiple or contested meanings within interdisciplinary and inter-sectorial collaborations. This commentary was inspired by the authors’ conversations on their journey in writing the paper — Liguori et al. (2023) “Exploring the uses of arts-led community spaces to build resilience: Applied storytelling for successful co-creative work” and the impact it had on their understanding of various language systems. Here writing was conceived as a form of networking, undertaking a sequence of intimate, in-depth discussions in a safe space. ‘Playing’ with words, moving out from our disciplinary homes, provided a fertile way of thinking within multi/inter-sectorial/disciplinary conversations to expand the language system for meaningful community engagement around local climate adaptation. Three key terms were at the core of these diverse — and sometimes divergent — ways of looking at social preparedness for extreme weather events: disruption, empowerment, and creative ecosystem. The meta-reflections, based on iterative conversations around these three key terms, highlight the importance of explorations of language as a generative meaning-making process that can be boundary-spanning. There is significant value in understanding the implications of language used in public engagement — its different interpretations, their loading and potential for transformed thinking when conceived creatively. Such insight can contribute to more effective approaches for participatory research and practice working with communities when addressing issues related to climate adaptation. This commentary argues that the socially engaged or participatory arts are particularly well placed to be active in such processes.","PeriodicalId":73748,"journal":{"name":"Journal of extreme events","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140414867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.1142/s2345737623500033
M. Mockrin, Ronald L. Schumann, Joshua Whittaker, C. Gaither, Robert A. Brooks, A. Syphard, Owen Price, Christopher T. Emrich
Wildfires can be devastating for social and ecological systems, but the recovery period after wildfire presents opportunities to reduce future risk through adaptation. We use a collective case study approach to systematically compare social and ecological recovery following four major fire events in Australia and the United States: the 1998 wildfires in northeastern Florida; the 2003 Cedar fire in southern California; the 2009 Black Saturday bushfires in Victoria, southeastern Australia; and the 2011 Bastrop fires in Texas. Fires spurred similar policy changes, with an emphasis on education, land use planning, suppression/emergency response, and vegetation management. However, there was little information available in peer-reviewed literature about social recovery, ecological recovery was mostly studied short term, and feedbacks between social and ecological outcomes went largely unconsidered. Strategic and holistic approaches to wildfire recovery that consider linkages within and between social–ecological systems will be increasingly critical to determine if recovery leads to adaptation or recreates vulnerability.
{"title":"Creating Fire-Adapted Communities Through Recovery: Case Studies from the United States and Australia","authors":"M. Mockrin, Ronald L. Schumann, Joshua Whittaker, C. Gaither, Robert A. Brooks, A. Syphard, Owen Price, Christopher T. Emrich","doi":"10.1142/s2345737623500033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2345737623500033","url":null,"abstract":"Wildfires can be devastating for social and ecological systems, but the recovery period after wildfire presents opportunities to reduce future risk through adaptation. We use a collective case study approach to systematically compare social and ecological recovery following four major fire events in Australia and the United States: the 1998 wildfires in northeastern Florida; the 2003 Cedar fire in southern California; the 2009 Black Saturday bushfires in Victoria, southeastern Australia; and the 2011 Bastrop fires in Texas. Fires spurred similar policy changes, with an emphasis on education, land use planning, suppression/emergency response, and vegetation management. However, there was little information available in peer-reviewed literature about social recovery, ecological recovery was mostly studied short term, and feedbacks between social and ecological outcomes went largely unconsidered. Strategic and holistic approaches to wildfire recovery that consider linkages within and between social–ecological systems will be increasingly critical to determine if recovery leads to adaptation or recreates vulnerability.","PeriodicalId":73748,"journal":{"name":"Journal of extreme events","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139197853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.1142/s2345737623420010
Lily Bui
Warning systems enable timely communication of risk during disasters. This study examines the relationship between planning and warning, as well as their effect on capacity in island communities. The study establishes planning as a form of warning and uses empirical evidence from a natural experiment, Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico (2017), to describe how planning functions as a warning process before, during, and after a disaster. Qualitative interview and participant observation data were gathered before and after the storm event. The study finds that planning, like warning, translates knowledge of risks into appropriate courses of protective action to reduce human suffering. Island communities, which tend to be under-resourced before, during, and after disasters, can benefit from operationalizing planning as a form of warning to build capacity and resilience.
{"title":"Planning and Warning as Capacity in Island Communities","authors":"Lily Bui","doi":"10.1142/s2345737623420010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2345737623420010","url":null,"abstract":"Warning systems enable timely communication of risk during disasters. This study examines the relationship between planning and warning, as well as their effect on capacity in island communities. The study establishes planning as a form of warning and uses empirical evidence from a natural experiment, Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico (2017), to describe how planning functions as a warning process before, during, and after a disaster. Qualitative interview and participant observation data were gathered before and after the storm event. The study finds that planning, like warning, translates knowledge of risks into appropriate courses of protective action to reduce human suffering. Island communities, which tend to be under-resourced before, during, and after disasters, can benefit from operationalizing planning as a form of warning to build capacity and resilience.","PeriodicalId":73748,"journal":{"name":"Journal of extreme events","volume":"254 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139203260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.1142/s2345737623410014
B. R. Cook, P. Kamstra, R. Winterton, R. Willis, R. Kammoora
There is a growing recognition that community engagement generates spillover effects, though few empirical analyses have accounted for these often intangible and nonlinear impacts. In the broader political economy of disaster risk reduction (DRR), spillovers present participatory research and practice with opportunities for leveling the resource arguments that currently favor deficit-based communications. A central, unexplored hypothesis of participatory research is as follows: If spillovers result from some forms of community engagement, affecting change in participants and non-participants, then the associated costs of community engagement may be justified by the value of changes that spillover. The possibility of spillovers, while enticing, is hampered by present gaps with regard to the ability to design, implement, and measure targeted spillovers. More simply, spillovers likely follow all social relations, but the ability to target specific outcomes following participation remains presently unknown. Focusing on flood risk reduction in Melbourne, Australia, the community engagement for disaster risk reduction (CEDRR) project utilized “relationship building” to test whether efforts to support flood risk reduction also resulted in spillovers to other aspects of participants’ lives, including to non-participants. To analyze this theoretical possibility, we partnered with a senior citizens’ organization: The University of the Third Age (U3A). Within DRR, senior citizens are often portrayed as inherently vulnerable; while within the aging literature, loneliness and isolation are shown to be key detriments to “successful aging”. The relationship-building methodology, then, aligns with both community engagement and successful aging literatures, enabling an analysis of targeted spillovers related to risk reduction actions and successful aging. Engagements on the topic of flood risk were analyzed to determine whether they had spillover effects on participants’ flood risk actions or on their successful aging outcomes. Findings from 45 remote survey-interviews and 30 follow-up engagements demonstrate that relationship building is an enjoyable form of community engagement able to promote learning, skill development, and intellectual risk-taking (i.e., elements of successful aging). In addition to successful aging, relationship building also contributed to household flood risk reduction behaviors, as well as initiating spillovers to non-participants. These exploratory findings suggest an under-accounted impact of participatory flood risk reduction, which suggests a need to broaden the measurement of “impacts” to include the benefits that spillover to other risk contexts and/or to other individuals.
{"title":"Engaging Senior Citizens and Flood Risk Reduction: Innovations in Community Engagement and the Resulting Spillover Effects","authors":"B. R. Cook, P. Kamstra, R. Winterton, R. Willis, R. Kammoora","doi":"10.1142/s2345737623410014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2345737623410014","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing recognition that community engagement generates spillover effects, though few empirical analyses have accounted for these often intangible and nonlinear impacts. In the broader political economy of disaster risk reduction (DRR), spillovers present participatory research and practice with opportunities for leveling the resource arguments that currently favor deficit-based communications. A central, unexplored hypothesis of participatory research is as follows: If spillovers result from some forms of community engagement, affecting change in participants and non-participants, then the associated costs of community engagement may be justified by the value of changes that spillover. The possibility of spillovers, while enticing, is hampered by present gaps with regard to the ability to design, implement, and measure targeted spillovers. More simply, spillovers likely follow all social relations, but the ability to target specific outcomes following participation remains presently unknown. Focusing on flood risk reduction in Melbourne, Australia, the community engagement for disaster risk reduction (CEDRR) project utilized “relationship building” to test whether efforts to support flood risk reduction also resulted in spillovers to other aspects of participants’ lives, including to non-participants. To analyze this theoretical possibility, we partnered with a senior citizens’ organization: The University of the Third Age (U3A). Within DRR, senior citizens are often portrayed as inherently vulnerable; while within the aging literature, loneliness and isolation are shown to be key detriments to “successful aging”. The relationship-building methodology, then, aligns with both community engagement and successful aging literatures, enabling an analysis of targeted spillovers related to risk reduction actions and successful aging. Engagements on the topic of flood risk were analyzed to determine whether they had spillover effects on participants’ flood risk actions or on their successful aging outcomes. Findings from 45 remote survey-interviews and 30 follow-up engagements demonstrate that relationship building is an enjoyable form of community engagement able to promote learning, skill development, and intellectual risk-taking (i.e., elements of successful aging). In addition to successful aging, relationship building also contributed to household flood risk reduction behaviors, as well as initiating spillovers to non-participants. These exploratory findings suggest an under-accounted impact of participatory flood risk reduction, which suggests a need to broaden the measurement of “impacts” to include the benefits that spillover to other risk contexts and/or to other individuals.","PeriodicalId":73748,"journal":{"name":"Journal of extreme events","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135870608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-12DOI: 10.1142/s2345737623500021
L. McEwen, Andrew Holmes, F. Cornish, R. Leichenko, Kristen Guida, K. Burchell, Justin Sharpe, G. Everett, Matt Scott
Across three years (2017–2020), the ESRC Seminar series, “Civil Agency, Society and Climate Adaptation to Weather Extremes” (CASCADE-NET) critically examined the changing role of civil society in extreme weather adaptation. One full-day seminar explored “less heard voices” within Civil Society, considering ways of engaging diverse groups in resiliency, knowledge exchange, and capacity building. A small interdisciplinary group from the seminar followed up with a roundtable discussion, conducted online, discussing first who the less-heard voices in society are, and how labels, such as “vulnerable” and “hard to reach”, might need to be reappraised, and concluding that it is often those in power who make themselves “hard to reach” and who fail to listen. The group then discussed how deeper engagement with citizens and communities can be achieved through improved relationships and networks. Finally, the roundtable discussed how the succession of crises affecting the UK (and other settings) could, paradoxically, present an opportune moment to press the case for a more joined-up and inclusive civil society. The concluding section summarizes key insights from the roundtable and identifies opportunities to rethink engagement with “hard to reach” groups. To answer our question of “how to” engage diverse groups, we conclude with the action points to change the orientation of the powerful to (i) be genuinely open to listening to, and acting upon the voices of less heard groups; (ii) listen on the terms of groups who are voicing their experience, rather than force them into pre-arranged consultation formats; (iii) engage early, widely and frequently; (iv) build trust by demonstrating willingness to listen, through actions; (v) tackle historical mistrust, unequal resources, experiences of neglect or exploitation that undermine groups’ interest in engaging with the powerful. A transformation in orientation to community engagement is in order if we are to produce effective, locally attuned, collective action in the face of social shocks.
{"title":"Rebuffing the “Hard to Reach” Narrative: How to Engage Diverse Groups in Participation for Resilience","authors":"L. McEwen, Andrew Holmes, F. Cornish, R. Leichenko, Kristen Guida, K. Burchell, Justin Sharpe, G. Everett, Matt Scott","doi":"10.1142/s2345737623500021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2345737623500021","url":null,"abstract":"Across three years (2017–2020), the ESRC Seminar series, “Civil Agency, Society and Climate Adaptation to Weather Extremes” (CASCADE-NET) critically examined the changing role of civil society in extreme weather adaptation. One full-day seminar explored “less heard voices” within Civil Society, considering ways of engaging diverse groups in resiliency, knowledge exchange, and capacity building. A small interdisciplinary group from the seminar followed up with a roundtable discussion, conducted online, discussing first who the less-heard voices in society are, and how labels, such as “vulnerable” and “hard to reach”, might need to be reappraised, and concluding that it is often those in power who make themselves “hard to reach” and who fail to listen. The group then discussed how deeper engagement with citizens and communities can be achieved through improved relationships and networks. Finally, the roundtable discussed how the succession of crises affecting the UK (and other settings) could, paradoxically, present an opportune moment to press the case for a more joined-up and inclusive civil society. The concluding section summarizes key insights from the roundtable and identifies opportunities to rethink engagement with “hard to reach” groups. To answer our question of “how to” engage diverse groups, we conclude with the action points to change the orientation of the powerful to (i) be genuinely open to listening to, and acting upon the voices of less heard groups; (ii) listen on the terms of groups who are voicing their experience, rather than force them into pre-arranged consultation formats; (iii) engage early, widely and frequently; (iv) build trust by demonstrating willingness to listen, through actions; (v) tackle historical mistrust, unequal resources, experiences of neglect or exploitation that undermine groups’ interest in engaging with the powerful. A transformation in orientation to community engagement is in order if we are to produce effective, locally attuned, collective action in the face of social shocks.","PeriodicalId":73748,"journal":{"name":"Journal of extreme events","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42832734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-12DOI: 10.1142/s2345737623410026
Liz Roberts, A. Liguori, L. McEwen, Mike Wilson
The transdisciplinary Drought Risk and You (DRY) project aimed to interweave storytelling and science as a way of increasing the different voices and types of knowledge (specialist, local) within drought risk decision-making in the UK. This paper critically reflects on our emergent process of drawing across different methodologies to create Adaptive Participatory Storytelling Approaches (APSA). APSA enable more tailoring to people and setting than existing methods, recognizing the specificity of local risk contexts and communities, and in terms of social dynamics, cultural values and local knowledge. APSA are situated, storytelling methodologies applied in the social sciences and arts/humanities, giving strong attention to meaningful participation and sustainable coproduction in both process and outputs. The paper offers other researchers and practitioners insights into working with APSA as a suite of creative storytelling options prioritizing methodological principles of active listening and adapting. APSA require creative thinking along multiple spectra, including how to balance different axes in APSA including: topic (drought risk)-focused with topic (drought risk)-peripheral or oblique, participant-led with researcher-led, and visualization-led with audio-led. We reflect on the challenges, opportunities and values of co-working with APSA, and offer a flexible framework for its application and iterative evaluation embedded through the process. We propose this as a starting point for other transdisciplinary projects to tackle themes that prove difficult for communities to connect with during community-engaged research, in this case, hidden risks like drought and climate change. This is timely given the power and mounting popularity of storytelling for behavior change, research insight and policy, and the need to capture and share different knowledges for climate resilience.
{"title":"The Challenge of Engaging Communities on Hidden Risks: Co-developing a Framework for Adaptive Participatory Storytelling Approaches (APSA)","authors":"Liz Roberts, A. Liguori, L. McEwen, Mike Wilson","doi":"10.1142/s2345737623410026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2345737623410026","url":null,"abstract":"The transdisciplinary Drought Risk and You (DRY) project aimed to interweave storytelling and science as a way of increasing the different voices and types of knowledge (specialist, local) within drought risk decision-making in the UK. This paper critically reflects on our emergent process of drawing across different methodologies to create Adaptive Participatory Storytelling Approaches (APSA). APSA enable more tailoring to people and setting than existing methods, recognizing the specificity of local risk contexts and communities, and in terms of social dynamics, cultural values and local knowledge. APSA are situated, storytelling methodologies applied in the social sciences and arts/humanities, giving strong attention to meaningful participation and sustainable coproduction in both process and outputs. The paper offers other researchers and practitioners insights into working with APSA as a suite of creative storytelling options prioritizing methodological principles of active listening and adapting. APSA require creative thinking along multiple spectra, including how to balance different axes in APSA including: topic (drought risk)-focused with topic (drought risk)-peripheral or oblique, participant-led with researcher-led, and visualization-led with audio-led. We reflect on the challenges, opportunities and values of co-working with APSA, and offer a flexible framework for its application and iterative evaluation embedded through the process. We propose this as a starting point for other transdisciplinary projects to tackle themes that prove difficult for communities to connect with during community-engaged research, in this case, hidden risks like drought and climate change. This is timely given the power and mounting popularity of storytelling for behavior change, research insight and policy, and the need to capture and share different knowledges for climate resilience.","PeriodicalId":73748,"journal":{"name":"Journal of extreme events","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44432978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-12DOI: 10.1142/s2345737623410038
S. Forrest, J. Dostál, L. McEwen
Volunteers are playing a significant role in interacting with ongoing societal shocks and stresses, such as mobilizing resources and supporting responses to extreme weather events. Their actions contribute to the pursuit of local climate resilience by shaping the local level and influencing socio-ecological systems. Therefore, academics, communities, practitioners and policymakers responsible for understanding, encouraging, developing and sustaining volunteering activity can benefit from critical reflections on volunteering in extreme weather events in order to support ongoing research initiatives, future research and policy agendas, and the development of funding strategies and public programs for climate resilience. This Policy Forum paper critically reflects on the current status of volunteering for extreme weather events and local climate resilience, using experiences from flood risk management, to identify key challenges and opportunities for the future. It builds on the ESRC CASCADE-NET project in discussing both academic puzzles and practical challenges faced in volunteering for local climate resilience in an attempt to bridge gaps and foster further debates between theory and practice. These insights are drawn from a series of dialogic exchanges that reflect the authors’ diverse perspectives and lived experiences of volunteering that emerge in their research and practice in England, the Czech Republic, and The Netherlands. We identify and share ten urgent challenges, followed by discussion of four cross-cutting themes that exist: volunteers as a renewable energy source, stakeholder narratives of volunteering, learning from other contexts, and transformative resilience. In exploring the futures of volunteering, this Policy Forum challenges existing thought by proposing the need to move beyond traditional narratives of “the volunteer” and “volunteering” to a more inclusive and nuanced understanding. Through this, we believe that volunteering can play an essential role in pursuing a just transition, with volunteers being able to challenge the status quo to contribute to transformative climate resilience practice and policy.
{"title":"The Future of Volunteering in Extreme Weather Events: Critical Reflections on Key Challenges and Opportunities for Climate Resilience","authors":"S. Forrest, J. Dostál, L. McEwen","doi":"10.1142/s2345737623410038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2345737623410038","url":null,"abstract":"Volunteers are playing a significant role in interacting with ongoing societal shocks and stresses, such as mobilizing resources and supporting responses to extreme weather events. Their actions contribute to the pursuit of local climate resilience by shaping the local level and influencing socio-ecological systems. Therefore, academics, communities, practitioners and policymakers responsible for understanding, encouraging, developing and sustaining volunteering activity can benefit from critical reflections on volunteering in extreme weather events in order to support ongoing research initiatives, future research and policy agendas, and the development of funding strategies and public programs for climate resilience. This Policy Forum paper critically reflects on the current status of volunteering for extreme weather events and local climate resilience, using experiences from flood risk management, to identify key challenges and opportunities for the future. It builds on the ESRC CASCADE-NET project in discussing both academic puzzles and practical challenges faced in volunteering for local climate resilience in an attempt to bridge gaps and foster further debates between theory and practice. These insights are drawn from a series of dialogic exchanges that reflect the authors’ diverse perspectives and lived experiences of volunteering that emerge in their research and practice in England, the Czech Republic, and The Netherlands. We identify and share ten urgent challenges, followed by discussion of four cross-cutting themes that exist: volunteers as a renewable energy source, stakeholder narratives of volunteering, learning from other contexts, and transformative resilience. In exploring the futures of volunteering, this Policy Forum challenges existing thought by proposing the need to move beyond traditional narratives of “the volunteer” and “volunteering” to a more inclusive and nuanced understanding. Through this, we believe that volunteering can play an essential role in pursuing a just transition, with volunteers being able to challenge the status quo to contribute to transformative climate resilience practice and policy.","PeriodicalId":73748,"journal":{"name":"Journal of extreme events","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45143840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.1142/s234573762350001x
Elizabeth Harrington, Karen Bell, L. McEwen, G. Everett
Climate change-related extreme weather events are becoming more frequent and severe, requiring urgent action to effectively plan for them. While disabled women are one group likely to be disproportionately and negatively affected by disasters, they are often not included in disaster planning. This commentary paper utilizes McRuer’s Crip Theory as a lens to explore this topic, where the strength of disabled women’s capacity to positively contribute to effective disaster planning becomes evident. Their lived understandings of negotiating often unacknowledged barriers can act as useful tools to assuage the impacts of disasters. Their experiences are recognized under the rubric of crip theory as neither deviant nor “other”, but as capabilities worthy of mainstreaming. Disaster situations that may be seen as chaotic to those accustomed to services and environments that closely match their requirements, could be perceived as both familiar and resolvable to a disabled woman. In this way, disabled women can utilize their everyday problem-solving skills to help tackle these impacts, viewing them as circumstances to be methodically navigated and overcome. Enabling disabled women room at the planning table is neither luxury nor bonus, but essential. Participatory inclusion and successful planning for disabled individuals benefits a much larger swathe of society than initially anticipated, as illustrated in this paper by international examples of best practice. We all profit from more inclusive planning to create more accessible and inclusive communities.
{"title":"Is there Room on the Broom for a Crip? Disabled Women as Experts in Disaster Planning","authors":"Elizabeth Harrington, Karen Bell, L. McEwen, G. Everett","doi":"10.1142/s234573762350001x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s234573762350001x","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change-related extreme weather events are becoming more frequent and severe, requiring urgent action to effectively plan for them. While disabled women are one group likely to be disproportionately and negatively affected by disasters, they are often not included in disaster planning. This commentary paper utilizes McRuer’s Crip Theory as a lens to explore this topic, where the strength of disabled women’s capacity to positively contribute to effective disaster planning becomes evident. Their lived understandings of negotiating often unacknowledged barriers can act as useful tools to assuage the impacts of disasters. Their experiences are recognized under the rubric of crip theory as neither deviant nor “other”, but as capabilities worthy of mainstreaming. Disaster situations that may be seen as chaotic to those accustomed to services and environments that closely match their requirements, could be perceived as both familiar and resolvable to a disabled woman. In this way, disabled women can utilize their everyday problem-solving skills to help tackle these impacts, viewing them as circumstances to be methodically navigated and overcome. Enabling disabled women room at the planning table is neither luxury nor bonus, but essential. Participatory inclusion and successful planning for disabled individuals benefits a much larger swathe of society than initially anticipated, as illustrated in this paper by international examples of best practice. We all profit from more inclusive planning to create more accessible and inclusive communities.","PeriodicalId":73748,"journal":{"name":"Journal of extreme events","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44429738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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