Removal of bacterial biofilm in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment: a literature review

Orthodontic treatment is highly popular for restoring functional and facial esthetics in juveniles and adults. However, the prevalence of biofilm-related complications remains high. The objectives of this review are to 1) identify which of the two professional prophylaxis systems analyzed, rubber cup polishing (RCP) and air-powder polishing (APP), is the most effective in removing bacterial biofilm in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment, and 2) the comfort expressed by the patient and any damage caused to the orthodontic device. The search yielded 23 scientific articles, 14 of which were excluded, and 6 met the inclusion criteria. From the studies analyzed, it is, therefore, possible to state that the APP technique is more effective than the RCP technique in removing dental plaque, and treatment is less time-consuming and safer concerning orthodontic devices, as none of the scientific articles examined did APP cause any damage to the orthodontic device or debonding of the brackets.