可变利率住房贷款中的消费者借款人保护

M. Costa
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引用次数: 0

摘要

警告律师的文章侧重于葡萄牙法律中预见的一些最重要的机制,以在可变利率住房信贷的框架内保护消费者。为此,它首先分析了在合同有效期内利率潜在变化所产生的危险,并评估了贷款合同中应收取的最高利率的一般法律限制是否适用于住房信贷中的信贷机构。然后,它评估相反的情况,质疑是否有一个最低限度,从这个限度起,参考利率的下降将不再反映在所应用的利率上。最后,文章重点介绍了6月23日第74-A/2017号法令中设想的新法律制度。将特别注意借款人在利率及其可能遭受的变化方面的信息义务,以及禁止根据对寻求住房信贷的消费者的信用评估中的负面评估签订合同。本文旨在探讨葡萄牙法律体系所规定的在可变利率住房信贷方面保护消费者借款人的一些主要机制。考虑到在信贷协议的整个有效期内利率波动的可能性,所讨论的第一点旨在评估信贷机构在住房信贷方面适用的利率是否有任何最高法律限制,然后分析截然相反的情况,存在一个最小阈值,从该阈值起,指数的下降将不再反映在所收取的利率值中。最后,将处理6月23日第74-A/2017号法令规定的新法律制度,特别注意贷款人告知利率及其变化的义务,以及禁止因评估消费借款人在住房信贷中的信用度而产生负面结果的合同。
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A proteção do consumidor-mutuário no crédito à habitação a taxa de juro variável
EnglishThis article focuses on some of the most important mechanisms foreseen in Portuguese Law for the protection of consumers in the framework of variable interest rate housing credit. For that purpose, it begins by analysing the dangers generated by the potential variation of the interest rate during the life of the contract and by assessing if the general legal limit regarding the maximum amount of interest rates chargeable within loan contracts applies to credit institutions in housing credit. It then evaluates the opposite scenario, questioning if there is a minimum limit from which the reference rate’s decrease will cease to be reflected on the interest rate applied. Finally, the article focuses on the new legal regime foreseen in Decree-Law 74-A/2017 of 23 June. Special attention will be given to the information duties vis-a-vis the borrower regarding the interest rate and the changes it may suffer, as well as the prohibition of engaging in contracts pursuant to a negative evaluation in a creditworthiness assessment of the consumer seeking housing credit. portuguesO presente artigo tem como proposito abordar alguns dos principais mecanismos consagrados pelo ordenamento juridico portugues para protecao do consumidor-mutuario em sede de credito a habitacao a taxa de juro variavel. Considerando o potencial de oscilacao da taxa de juro variavel ao longo da vida do contrato de credito, o primeiro ponto abordado visara avaliar se existe algum limite legal maximo as taxas de juro aplicadas pelas instituicoes de credito em sede de credito a habitacao, analisando-se, em seguida, a situacao diametralmente oposta, traduzida na averiguacao da existencia de um limite minimo a partir do qual a descida do indexante deixara de se repercutir no valor da taxa de juro cobrada. Por fim, abordar-se-a o novo regime juridico consagrado pelo Decreto-Lei n.o 74-A/2017, de 23 de junho, dedicando especial atencao aos deveres de informacao do mutuante a respeito da taxa de juro e suas alteracoes e a proibicao de contratar que resulta da obtencao de um resultado negativo na avaliacao da solvabilidade do consumidor-mutuario no credito a habitacao.
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