Eosinophilic esophagitis—from definition to therapy

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder that is characterized clinically by symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and histologically by a dense eosinophilic inflammation of the esophagus. This article provides an overview of the current knowledge in the field of EoE. EoE has seen significant progress in its understanding, including its definition, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Consensus criteria have been established for diagnosing EoE, with symptoms commonly including dysphagia, food impaction, and reflux-like symptoms. Diagnosis involves clinical evaluation, endoscopy, and histological assessment. Therapeutic strategies for EoE aim to alleviate symptoms, induce and maintain remission, and prevent complications. These strategies include dietary modifications, pharmacotherapy, and endoscopic interventions. Treatment choice depends on disease severity, patient preferences, and comorbidities. Despite progress, challenges persist in EoE management. Long-term outcomes and optimal treatment duration are still under investigation. Research efforts focus on identifying predictive markers for treatment response and developing personalized approaches. In conclusion, EoE is a chronic, progressive and recurrent disease with various clinical manifestations and treatment options. Improved understanding has led to better diagnostic criteria and therapeutic strategies. However, further research is necessary to enhance our understanding of disease pathogenesis, refine treatment algorithms, and optimize long-term outcomes for individuals with EoE.