2019冠状病毒病对交通相关空气污染物的影响:见解、评估和政策视角

IF 9.5 1区 工程技术 Q1 TRANSPORTATION Transport Reviews Pub Date : 2024-03-03 DOI:10.1080/01441647.2023.2225211
Federico Cavallaro , Silvio Nocera
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究通过解决两个研究问题来分析 Covid-19 与运输活动产生的空气污染物之间的关系。首先,研究 Covid-19 对排放/浓度的定量影响。在这种情况下,结果取决于时间跨度和为控制病毒而采取的政治措施。温室气体(GHGs)和氮氧化物(NOx)与道路交通的减少密切相关,而交通对其他标准污染物(一氧化碳(CO)、二氧化硫(SO2)和可吸入颗粒物(PMx))的影响并未得到明确证实。其次,该研究分析了特定模式(如航空运输)、系统(如公共交通)和部门(如货运)。排放量的普遍减少是出行需求减少的结果;然而,对于特定部门,如最后一英里货运或私人航班,情况并非如此,因为它们显示出排放量的增加。此外,单位值在大多数情况下都有所上升,表明由于向私人解决方案的模式转变和公共交通占用率的降低,环境效益有所下降。在大流行后的世界,当出行需求增加,但交通方式的比例却不太容易恢复到以前的水平时,就会出现一个重要问题。从技术问题(如模拟模式选择中的安全感)到具体措施的评估(如限制私人机动性和采用燃料法规),这些成果产生了若干研究方向。另一个有前景的研究领域是探索将 "Covid-19 "与自动化和替代燃料等其他交通相关驱动因素相结合。此外,研究 Covid-19 的效果与长期去碳化政策之间的一致性也是一个重要的研究方向。
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COVID-19 effects on transport-related air pollutants: insights, evaluations, and policy perspectives

This study analyses the relationship between Covid-19 and air pollutants resulting from transportation activities by addressing two research questions. First, it examines the quantitative impacts of Covid-19 on emissions/concentrations. In this case, the results are dependent on the temporal horizon and political measures introduced to control the virus. Greenhouse gases (GHGs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) exhibit a strong correlation with reduced road traffic, while the influence of transportation on other criteria pollutants (CO, SO2, and PMx) is not univocally demonstrated. Second, the study analyses specific modes (e.g. air transport), systems (e.g. public transport), and sectors (e.g. freight transport). The generalised decrease in emissions is a consequence of reduced travel demand; however, this is not true for specific sectors, such as last-mile freight delivery or private flights, which show an increase in emissions. Moreover, unitary values register an increase in most cases, indicating a reduction in environmental effectiveness due to a modal shift towards private solutions and a reduction in the public transport occupancy rates. In the post-pandemic world, a significant issue arises when travel demand increases but the modal share is less responsive to returning to previous levels. Several research lines stem from these outcomes, ranging from technical issues (e.g. modelling safety perception in modal choice) to the evaluation of specific measures (e.g. curbing private mobility and adopting fuel regulations). Another promising area of research involves exploring the combination of Covid-19 with other transport-related drivers, such as automation and alternative fuels. Additionally, investigating the coherence between the effects of Covid-19 and long-term decarbonisation policies is an important research direction.

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来源期刊
Transport Reviews
Transport Reviews TRANSPORTATION-
CiteScore
17.70
自引率
1.00%
发文量
32
期刊介绍: Transport Reviews is an international journal that comprehensively covers all aspects of transportation. It offers authoritative and current research-based reviews on transportation-related topics, catering to a knowledgeable audience while also being accessible to a wide readership. Encouraging submissions from diverse disciplinary perspectives such as economics and engineering, as well as various subject areas like social issues and the environment, Transport Reviews welcomes contributions employing different methodological approaches, including modeling, qualitative methods, or mixed-methods. The reviews typically introduce new methodologies, analyses, innovative viewpoints, and original data, although they are not limited to research-based content.
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