从性别角度评价卡塔尔的创业精神

Joana Costa, M. Pita
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引用次数: 17

摘要

本研究的目的有两个,首先是掌握卡塔尔创业决定因素的总体情况,其次是探索性别对其他影响创业倾向的因素的中间作用,并突出性别异质性。结合创业决定因素和性别理论,该研究分析了教育(一般和特定于企业)、技能感知、社会背景和对失败的恐惧作为卡塔尔新创企业的决定因素的作用。本研究的目的是评估卡塔尔创业活动的决定因素,并了解它们是否在重要性和幅度方面跨越性别。如果是这样,可以调整政策行动以克服性别差距。本研究旨在设计政策建议,以加强卡塔尔的创业生态系统,并促进海湾地区对妇女的积极歧视。为了了解卡塔尔男性和女性创业活动的倾向,我们使用了全球创业观察(GEM)的数据库,考虑了2014年的数据,样本包括4272人。为了探讨解释变量如何影响创业倾向,以及它们是否在性别之间具有显著性,我们进行了三次逻辑回归,第一次包括整个样本,第二次和第三次根据性别分离个体。然后,为了统计评估组间差异,使用Kruskal-Wallis检验来证明组间异质性。模型的边际效应强化了性别差异。使用Stata进行分析。不同性别的创业倾向存在不同的模式,从而可以探索男性和女性的决定因素。分析显示,在同等条件下,卡塔尔女性创业的倾向低于男性。对女性来说,年龄是一个阻碍因素,与男性相反。男女似乎都不受失败恐惧的约束,但对技能的自我认知对女性的影响更大。首先,本研究仅限于GEM数据库,覆盖了4272名个体,尽管样本量具有稳健性,但其代表性无法统计证明。第二,由于数据的限制,在解释性别差异时列入理论上有关的其他变量,例如所研究的国家企业活动的经济和体制决定因素,是不可行的。尽管存在概念和经验上的局限性,但该研究的结论填补了文献空白,提供了定量和计量经济学证据,并为制定政策建议提供了依据。这项研究对克服性别差异和使男女创业活动平等所需要的具体政策有了新的认识。该研究确定了创业倾向的性别差异。本文首先从理论角度分析了潜在差异,然后进行了探索性分析,包括统计分析和计量估计。调查结果可以检查男女企业家和非企业家的情况、创业倡议的决定因素和性别差距。这项研究有助于决策者制订适当的战略,促进企业精神方面的性别平等,目的是增加总的企业活动,从而促进社会经济发展。
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Appraising entrepreneurship in Qatar under a gender perspective
The purpose of this study is twofold, being the first to grasp a broad picture of entrepreneurship determinants in Qatar, and second, to explore the intermediate effect of gender upon other factors affecting the propensity to become an entrepreneur and highlight gender heterogeneity. Combining theories on entrepreneurship determinants and gender, the study analyses the role of education (general and specific to enterprise), skill perception, social context and fear to fail as determinants of new venture creation in Qatar. The objective of the study is to appraise the determinants of the entrepreneurial activity in Qatar and understand if they hold across genders in terms of significance and magnitude. If so, policy actions can be adjusted to overcome gender gaps. This study aims to design policy recommendations to reinforce the Qatari entrepreneurial ecosystem and promote positive discrimination towards women initiatives in the Gulf region.,To understand male and female propensity to entrepreneurial activity in Qatar, a database from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) was used, considering data from 2014, with a sample that includes 4,272 individuals. To explore how the explanatory variables affect entrepreneurial propensity and if they hold significance across genders, three logistic regressions were run, the first including the entire sample, and the second and third separating individuals according to the gender. Then, to statistically appraise the differences among groups, a Kruskal–Wallis test was run to evidence group heterogeneity. Marginal effects of the model reinforce gender differences. The analysis was performed using Stata.,Different patterns of entrepreneurial propensity can be found among genders, allowing the exploration male and female determinants. The analysis shows that Qatari women are less prone to start a business when compared to men in equal conditions. For women, age is a deterring factor, contrarily to men. Both genders seem to be unconstrained by the fear to fail, still the self-perception of skills has a stronger effect on women.,First, this study is restricted to the GEM database and covers 4,272 individuals whose representativeness cannot be statistically proved, despite the robustness of the sample size. Second, due to data limitations, the inclusion of theoretically relevant additional variables to the explanation of gender differences, such as economic and institutional determinants of entrepreneurial activity in the country under study, becomes infeasible.,Despite the conceptual and empirical limitations, the conclusions of the study fulfil literature gaps and offer quantitative and econometric evidences and which allow drawing policy recommendations.,This study sheds a new light about the policy specificities needed to overcome gender differences and to equalise male and female entrepreneurial activity.,The study identifies gender differences in entrepreneurial propensity. The potential differences are firstly put in theoretical terms and followed by an exploratory analysis comprising statistical analysis and econometric estimations. The results allow examining the profile of male and female entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs, the determinants of entrepreneurial initiatives and gender gaps. The study helps policy makers to elaborate adequate strategies to foster gender equality on entrepreneurship, aiming to increase overall entrepreneurial activity and consequently socio-economic development.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.40
自引率
15.60%
发文量
15
期刊介绍: Launched in 2009, the International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship (IJGE) aims to facilitate the natural evolution of the field of gender and entrepreneurship by drawing together the very best research contributions from around the world. The journal seeks to: -Provide a dedicated publication outlet for high calibre, international research of interest to scholars, entrepreneurs and policy makers in the field of gender and entrepreneurship -Offer a unique perspective on the practice of gender and entrepreneurship by including sections dedicated to practitioner and policy content -Support a more consistent global approach to the presentation of research in the field -Platform the work of dynamic young researchers and those who are in a position to offer new perspectives on this particular research area -Enable those active in the area as researchers, educators, trainers, practitioners, support personnel and policy makers to keep up to date with the field on an international level. The coverage of the journal includes, but is not limited to: Entrepreneurship, Female/Women’s entrepreneurship , Business, Management, Strategy, Gender, Economics, Internationalization, Marketing.
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