A Study Into the Relationship Between Adaptive Skills and Visual Impairment in Individuals With and Without Intellectual Disabilities

Introduction: In this study, we explored if low vision or blindness affects adaptive functioning in individuals with and without intellectual disabilities, using the adaptive ability performance test (ADAPT). Method: Two hundred and nine ADAPTs were collected from individuals with low vision and blindness who were in care or lived independently. ADAPT scores were compared with 2642 ADAPT scores from sighted individuals. Separate comparisons were made for intellectually disabled and nonintellectually disabled groups. Results: ADAPT scores of low vision and blind individuals in both intellectually disabled and nonintellectually disabled groups were significantly lower than those of sighted individuals. ADAPT scores did not differ significantly between low vision and blind individuals. Reference values were established for individuals with visual impairments with and without intellectual disabilities. Discussion: Despite some limitations of this study, we conclude that adaptive skills are lower in individuals with visual impairments than in sighted individuals. Cross-cultural studies are required. Information for Practitioners: The results of this study provide insight into adaptive skills in individuals with visual impairments. Reference data on the ADAPT can be used for the classification of (the severity of) intellectual disabilities and assessment of the need for support or training of adaptive skills, which makes the ADAPT a useful instrument for professionals who work with individuals with visual impairments with and without intellectual disabilities.