Measurement and analysis of atmospheric optical turbulence in a near-maritime environment

The index of refraction structure constant, Cn2, characterizing the intensity of optical turbulence, describes the disruption of a propagating electromagnetic beam passing through an inhomogeneously heated turbulent environment. In order to improve predictive models, it is critical to develop a deeper understanding of the relationships between environmental parameters and optical turbulence. To that end, an overwater, 890 m scintillometer link was established along the Chesapeake Bay adjacent to the Severn River in Annapolis, Maryland. Specifically, Cn2 data from the scintillometer, as well, as numerous meteorological parameters were collected over the period of approximately 15 months to characterize a scintillometer link in the near-maritime environment. The characteristics of this near-maritime link were distinct from those observed in prior over-land and open ocean links. Further, existing macro-meteorological models for predicting Cn2 from environmental parameters developed for open-ocean links were shown to perform poorly in the near-maritime environment. While the offshore adapted macro-meteorological model demonstrated lower prediction error, this study suggests that new models could be developed to reduce Cn2 prediction error in the near-maritime environment. The complete data set, including Cn2 measurements, and to our knowledge, one of the first to extend beyond one year, is available.