2019冠状病毒病在美国的可预见不平等:根本原因和破碎的制度

IF 1.1 4区 哲学 Q3 ETHICS Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal Pub Date : 2020-11-14 DOI:10.1353/ken.2020.0012
S. Valles
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引用次数: 1

摘要

摘要:2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)在美国的流行引发了人们对疫情影响的哪些特征是(或不是)出乎意料的,以及为什么和如何出人意料的讨论。在这些讨论的背景下,隐现着有关特定机构及其领导人应受指责的政治问题,以及美国机构内的COVID-19灾难对未来如何改革这些机构的讨论意味着什么。本文将论证2019冠状病毒病大流行对美国四个受影响特别严重的机构(监狱和监狱、肉类加工厂、医院和老年护理机构)造成的不公平伤害:(1)不像一些评论家所说的那样不可预测;(2)可以追溯到大流行之前已知的制度缺陷;(3)可以通过“根本原因理论”的视角得到有效理解。“根本原因理论”提供了一个模型,说明社会资源和匮乏为什么以及如何造成健康危害的可预测模式,即使危害是新的。
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The Predictable Inequities of COVID-19 in the US: Fundamental Causes and Broken Institutions
ABSTRACT:The COVID-19 pandemic in the US has inspired conversations about which features of the pandemic’s impacts were(n’t) unexpected, as well as why and how. Looming in the background of these discussions are political questions about the blameworthiness of particular institutions and leaders therein, and what COVID-19 disasters within US institutions mean for future discussions about how to reform those institutions. This paper will argue that the inequitable harms of the COVID-19 pandemic in four especially hard-hit US institutions—jails and prisons, meat processing plants, hospitals, and eldercare facilities—were: (1) not so unpredictable as claimed by some commentators, (2) traceable to institutional flaws known prior to the pandemic, and (3) can be fruitfully understood through the lens of “fundamental cause theory,” which offers a model for why and how social resources and deprivations create predictable patterns of harms from health hazards, even when the hazards are new.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
19
期刊介绍: The Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal offers a scholarly forum for diverse views on major issues in bioethics, such as analysis and critique of principlism, feminist perspectives in bioethics, the work of the Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments, active euthanasia, genetics, health care reform, and organ transplantation. Each issue includes "Scope Notes," an overview and extensive annotated bibliography on a specific topic in bioethics, and "Bioethics Inside the Beltway," a report written by a Washington insider updating bioethics activities on the federal level.
期刊最新文献
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