A study of the umbilical and foetal middle cerebral artery in preeclampsia by colour doppler and correlation with perinatal outcome

Background: One of the maximum common medical hassles in pregnancy is hypertensive disorders, more precisely, saying preeclampsia, causing common adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes, even though many researches have been carried out as the number one remedy, prognosis and prevention elements. Doppler compromises a non-invasive instrument for the evaluation of foetoplacental blood waft and is associated with foetal compromise giving the preliminary cautionary sign of foetal distress. Aims and Objectives: The objectives of this research were to correlate foetal outcomes to Doppler umbilical and middle cerebral artery waveforms in preeclampsia. Methods: This study was a prospective observational study, conducted in the Radio-Diagnosis Department of N. R. S. Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, from January 2021 to June 2022 after getting approval from the Institutional Ethical Committee. Sixty women with single-tone pregnancies with vertex presentation between 28 and 40 weeks of gestation complicated by preeclampsia were chosen randomly after applying exclusion criteria. Results: In the present study, the majority belonged to the age group of 21–25 years (40%) with a mean age of 22.9 years. Mean gestational age was the maximum number of patients (36) belonging to the 37–40 weeks group. Out of the 60 patients studied, 2 patients had Absent End-Diastolic Flow and 1 patient had Reversed End-Diastolic Flow. Twenty-one babies (61.76%) in the elevated resistive index (RI) group had 5 min Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity and Respiration (APGAR) scores <7, while 3 (11.53%) babies in the normal RI group had APGAR score <7. The perinatal mortality rate was 17.14% (6 babies) in the elevated Pulsatility Index (PI) group, whereas none of the cases with normal PI had perinatal mortality. Perinatal mortality was only seen in the abnormal group, 6 babies died (16.21%). Conclusion: The present study finds there is an adverse foetal outcome in cases of preeclampsia with abnormal Doppler results. Doppler serves as an important tool for the obstetrician in complicated pregnancies like preeclampsia.