Rationale: Showcasing this clinical case report is of essential importance to shed the light on this rare condition propelling advancement in clinical rationale to detect and manage such cases. Patient concern: A 35-year-old female attended the outpatient department of otorhinolaryngology with complaints of swelling in the facial area near both sides of the nasolabial groove. Diagnosis: Computed tomography (CT) scan of the nose and paranasal sinuses showed a non-odontogenic cyst on both sides of the nasolabial area. Interventions: The patient underwent sublabial excision of the nasolabial cyst under general anaesthesia. Outcome: There were no post-operative complications. The histopathological examination confirmed the nasolabial cyst. Lessions: Infections of the nasolabial cyst is rare clinical entity and should be promptly managed.
{"title":"Infected bilateral nasolabial cysts","authors":"S. Swain, Debasmita Dubey","doi":"10.4103/hmj.hmj_108_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hmj.hmj_108_22","url":null,"abstract":"Rationale: Showcasing this clinical case report is of essential importance to shed the light on this rare condition propelling advancement in clinical rationale to detect and manage such cases. Patient concern: A 35-year-old female attended the outpatient department of otorhinolaryngology with complaints of swelling in the facial area near both sides of the nasolabial groove. Diagnosis: Computed tomography (CT) scan of the nose and paranasal sinuses showed a non-odontogenic cyst on both sides of the nasolabial area. Interventions: The patient underwent sublabial excision of the nasolabial cyst under general anaesthesia. Outcome: There were no post-operative complications. The histopathological examination confirmed the nasolabial cyst. Lessions: Infections of the nasolabial cyst is rare clinical entity and should be promptly managed.","PeriodicalId":34280,"journal":{"name":"Hamdan Medical Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"118 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45781739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sondos Harfil, R. AbuOdeh, Wael Abdel Rahman, K. S. Sirajudeen, H. Mohamed
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a significant public health concern associated with a cluster of severe metabolic disorders, such as dyslipidaemia, hypertension and glucose intolerance. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association of age and sex with MetS in a healthy adult population in Sharjah, UAE. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and seventy-two participants were enrolled and screened for their sociodemographic, anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis (BCA.) and biochemical characteristics. Results: The participants' mean age was 35.1 years. There were no significant differences in MetS prevalence between the two age groups (<40 vs. ≥40) years. Sex had a significant effect on the MetS. Males had a 3.08 times chance to develop MetS compared to females (adjusted odds ratio = 30.8; 95% confidence interval = [1.65–5.75]). Fat percentage (34.40 [11.20] vs. 24.70 [9.30], P < 0.001) and fat mass (23.60 [15.90] vs. 19.90 [12.30], P = 0.002) were significantly higher in females than in males. All other BCA measurements were significantly higher in males than in females (P < 0.001). Most of the biochemical characteristics were significantly higher in males than in females (P < 0.05), except high-density lipoprotein level, which was higher in females than in males (P < 0.001). Three MetS components were significantly more prevalent in males than in females: high blood pressure (56% vs. 22%, P < 0.001), high triglyceride (14% vs. 4%, P = 0.002) and high fasting blood sugar (46% vs. 21%, P < 0.001). Conclusions: MetS prevalence was significantly higher in males than in females (36% vs. 18%, P = 0.001). Age does not affect the prevalence of Mets in the study population.
{"title":"Age and sex association with metabolic syndrome among adults in Sharjah, UAE","authors":"Sondos Harfil, R. AbuOdeh, Wael Abdel Rahman, K. S. Sirajudeen, H. Mohamed","doi":"10.4103/hmj.hmj_102_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hmj.hmj_102_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a significant public health concern associated with a cluster of severe metabolic disorders, such as dyslipidaemia, hypertension and glucose intolerance. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association of age and sex with MetS in a healthy adult population in Sharjah, UAE. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and seventy-two participants were enrolled and screened for their sociodemographic, anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis (BCA.) and biochemical characteristics. Results: The participants' mean age was 35.1 years. There were no significant differences in MetS prevalence between the two age groups (<40 vs. ≥40) years. Sex had a significant effect on the MetS. Males had a 3.08 times chance to develop MetS compared to females (adjusted odds ratio = 30.8; 95% confidence interval = [1.65–5.75]). Fat percentage (34.40 [11.20] vs. 24.70 [9.30], P < 0.001) and fat mass (23.60 [15.90] vs. 19.90 [12.30], P = 0.002) were significantly higher in females than in males. All other BCA measurements were significantly higher in males than in females (P < 0.001). Most of the biochemical characteristics were significantly higher in males than in females (P < 0.05), except high-density lipoprotein level, which was higher in females than in males (P < 0.001). Three MetS components were significantly more prevalent in males than in females: high blood pressure (56% vs. 22%, P < 0.001), high triglyceride (14% vs. 4%, P = 0.002) and high fasting blood sugar (46% vs. 21%, P < 0.001). Conclusions: MetS prevalence was significantly higher in males than in females (36% vs. 18%, P = 0.001). Age does not affect the prevalence of Mets in the study population.","PeriodicalId":34280,"journal":{"name":"Hamdan Medical Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"79 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46092847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: One of the maximum common medical hassles in pregnancy is hypertensive disorders, more precisely, saying preeclampsia, causing common adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes, even though many researches have been carried out as the number one remedy, prognosis and prevention elements. Doppler compromises a non-invasive instrument for the evaluation of foetoplacental blood waft and is associated with foetal compromise giving the preliminary cautionary sign of foetal distress. Aims and Objectives: The objectives of this research were to correlate foetal outcomes to Doppler umbilical and middle cerebral artery waveforms in preeclampsia. Methods: This study was a prospective observational study, conducted in the Radio-Diagnosis Department of N. R. S. Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, from January 2021 to June 2022 after getting approval from the Institutional Ethical Committee. Sixty women with single-tone pregnancies with vertex presentation between 28 and 40 weeks of gestation complicated by preeclampsia were chosen randomly after applying exclusion criteria. Results: In the present study, the majority belonged to the age group of 21–25 years (40%) with a mean age of 22.9 years. Mean gestational age was the maximum number of patients (36) belonging to the 37–40 weeks group. Out of the 60 patients studied, 2 patients had Absent End-Diastolic Flow and 1 patient had Reversed End-Diastolic Flow. Twenty-one babies (61.76%) in the elevated resistive index (RI) group had 5 min Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity and Respiration (APGAR) scores <7, while 3 (11.53%) babies in the normal RI group had APGAR score <7. The perinatal mortality rate was 17.14% (6 babies) in the elevated Pulsatility Index (PI) group, whereas none of the cases with normal PI had perinatal mortality. Perinatal mortality was only seen in the abnormal group, 6 babies died (16.21%). Conclusion: The present study finds there is an adverse foetal outcome in cases of preeclampsia with abnormal Doppler results. Doppler serves as an important tool for the obstetrician in complicated pregnancies like preeclampsia.
背景:妊娠期最常见的医疗纠纷之一是高血压疾病，更准确地说，是先兆子痫，尽管作为首要的治疗、预后和预防因素进行了许多研究，但高血压疾病仍会导致常见的孕产妇和围产期不良后果。多普勒是一种非侵入性的仪器，用于评估胎儿胎盘血流，并与胎儿妥协有关，给出胎儿窘迫的初步警告信号。目的和目的:本研究的目的是将子痫前期胎儿结局与多普勒脐动脉和大脑中动脉波形相关联。方法:本研究是一项前瞻性观察性研究，经机构伦理委员会批准，于2021年1月至2022年6月在印度西孟加拉邦加尔各答N. R. S.医学院放射诊断部进行。在应用排除标准后，随机选择60例妊娠28 ~ 40周伴有顶点表现的单音妊娠合并子痫前期妇女。结果:本组病例以21 ~ 25岁年龄组居多(40%)，平均年龄22.9岁。平均胎龄为37-40周组患者的最大数量(36例)。在研究的60例患者中，2例患者舒张末期血流缺失，1例患者舒张末期血流逆转。抗阻指数升高组5 min APGAR评分<7者21例(61.76%)，正常组3例(11.53%)APGAR评分<7。脉搏指数升高组围产儿死亡率为17.14%(6例)，而脉搏指数正常组无围产儿死亡。围生期死亡率仅异常组为6例(16.21%)。结论:本研究发现，多普勒结果异常的子痫前期胎儿结局不良。多普勒是产科医生处理复杂妊娠如子痫前期的重要工具。
{"title":"A study of the umbilical and foetal middle cerebral artery in preeclampsia by colour doppler and correlation with perinatal outcome","authors":"S. Chattopadhyay, K. Patra, Biswan Ojha, S. Basu","doi":"10.4103/hmj.hmj_106_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hmj.hmj_106_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the maximum common medical hassles in pregnancy is hypertensive disorders, more precisely, saying preeclampsia, causing common adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes, even though many researches have been carried out as the number one remedy, prognosis and prevention elements. Doppler compromises a non-invasive instrument for the evaluation of foetoplacental blood waft and is associated with foetal compromise giving the preliminary cautionary sign of foetal distress. Aims and Objectives: The objectives of this research were to correlate foetal outcomes to Doppler umbilical and middle cerebral artery waveforms in preeclampsia. Methods: This study was a prospective observational study, conducted in the Radio-Diagnosis Department of N. R. S. Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, from January 2021 to June 2022 after getting approval from the Institutional Ethical Committee. Sixty women with single-tone pregnancies with vertex presentation between 28 and 40 weeks of gestation complicated by preeclampsia were chosen randomly after applying exclusion criteria. Results: In the present study, the majority belonged to the age group of 21–25 years (40%) with a mean age of 22.9 years. Mean gestational age was the maximum number of patients (36) belonging to the 37–40 weeks group. Out of the 60 patients studied, 2 patients had Absent End-Diastolic Flow and 1 patient had Reversed End-Diastolic Flow. Twenty-one babies (61.76%) in the elevated resistive index (RI) group had 5 min Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity and Respiration (APGAR) scores <7, while 3 (11.53%) babies in the normal RI group had APGAR score <7. The perinatal mortality rate was 17.14% (6 babies) in the elevated Pulsatility Index (PI) group, whereas none of the cases with normal PI had perinatal mortality. Perinatal mortality was only seen in the abnormal group, 6 babies died (16.21%). Conclusion: The present study finds there is an adverse foetal outcome in cases of preeclampsia with abnormal Doppler results. Doppler serves as an important tool for the obstetrician in complicated pregnancies like preeclampsia.","PeriodicalId":34280,"journal":{"name":"Hamdan Medical Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"87 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46422868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nandhini Joseph, N. Sasikumar, S. Rajan, Pulak Tosh, J. Paul, L. Kumar
Background: Bilateral hand transplantation is a rare surgery being considered for patients with bilateral upper limb loss. The procedure, though not lifesaving, is a life-altering procedure with inherent risks. Aims and Objectives: The anaesthetic management of these patients is technically challenging, with huge fluid shifts, blood loss, haemodynamic instability and hypothermia. We aimed to find out the major perioperative concerns and their management strategies during bilateral hand transplantation surgery by retrospectively analysing the anaesthetic management of six such cases. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of the anaesthetic management of six patients who underwent bilateral hand transplants in our institute, and their post-operative outcomes is described. Results: All cases were performed under general anaesthesia with supplemental brachial plexus block. The major intraoperative concerns were immunosuppression, massive blood loss and fluid replacement, haemodynamic instability, reperfusion injury and hypothermia. Vasopressors were used in four out of the six patients with no major effect on the graft survival outcome. These patients have been followed up for a time period varying from 6 months to 3 years and have been successfully rehabilitated back to normal life. Conclusion: Bilateral hand transplants can be safely performed under general anaesthesia with supplemental brachial plexus block. The anaesthetic management of these patients is challenging and requires a structured approach with good facilities for perioperative management.
{"title":"Anaesthetic management of bilateral hand transplantation: A case series","authors":"Nandhini Joseph, N. Sasikumar, S. Rajan, Pulak Tosh, J. Paul, L. Kumar","doi":"10.4103/hmj.hmj_98_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hmj.hmj_98_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bilateral hand transplantation is a rare surgery being considered for patients with bilateral upper limb loss. The procedure, though not lifesaving, is a life-altering procedure with inherent risks. Aims and Objectives: The anaesthetic management of these patients is technically challenging, with huge fluid shifts, blood loss, haemodynamic instability and hypothermia. We aimed to find out the major perioperative concerns and their management strategies during bilateral hand transplantation surgery by retrospectively analysing the anaesthetic management of six such cases. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of the anaesthetic management of six patients who underwent bilateral hand transplants in our institute, and their post-operative outcomes is described. Results: All cases were performed under general anaesthesia with supplemental brachial plexus block. The major intraoperative concerns were immunosuppression, massive blood loss and fluid replacement, haemodynamic instability, reperfusion injury and hypothermia. Vasopressors were used in four out of the six patients with no major effect on the graft survival outcome. These patients have been followed up for a time period varying from 6 months to 3 years and have been successfully rehabilitated back to normal life. Conclusion: Bilateral hand transplants can be safely performed under general anaesthesia with supplemental brachial plexus block. The anaesthetic management of these patients is challenging and requires a structured approach with good facilities for perioperative management.","PeriodicalId":34280,"journal":{"name":"Hamdan Medical Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"106 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47865714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Awadelkarim Moahmed, A. Dsouza, A. Qazi, A. Alduaiji, M. Ba'ath
Rationale: Castleman's disease (CD) is an uncommon lymphoproliferative disorder that is distinguished by the presence of exotic heavy growth of lymphoid tissue. It is divided into two types: unicentric (localised) and multicentric (systemic) subtypes. Excision is the ideal therapeutic option for localised disease. Patient concern: Patient had a chronic back pain which affecting his daily activity. Diagnosis: The diagnosis of CD was incidentally detected on a magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine performed for back pain and revealed retroperitoneal paracaval lymphadenopathy, which was then excised, and the histopathology confirmed CD. Outcome: Surgical excision resulted in complete resolution of his back pain. Lessons: CD has unspecific clinical presentation and back pain is unusual presentation in our case. In addition, our patient had Noonan's syndrome suggesting a possible association with CD.
{"title":"Castleman's disease as an unusual cause of back pain in childhood","authors":"Awadelkarim Moahmed, A. Dsouza, A. Qazi, A. Alduaiji, M. Ba'ath","doi":"10.4103/hmj.hmj_97_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hmj.hmj_97_22","url":null,"abstract":"Rationale: Castleman's disease (CD) is an uncommon lymphoproliferative disorder that is distinguished by the presence of exotic heavy growth of lymphoid tissue. It is divided into two types: unicentric (localised) and multicentric (systemic) subtypes. Excision is the ideal therapeutic option for localised disease. Patient concern: Patient had a chronic back pain which affecting his daily activity. Diagnosis: The diagnosis of CD was incidentally detected on a magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine performed for back pain and revealed retroperitoneal paracaval lymphadenopathy, which was then excised, and the histopathology confirmed CD. Outcome: Surgical excision resulted in complete resolution of his back pain. Lessons: CD has unspecific clinical presentation and back pain is unusual presentation in our case. In addition, our patient had Noonan's syndrome suggesting a possible association with CD.","PeriodicalId":34280,"journal":{"name":"Hamdan Medical Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"115 - 117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43993246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aneesha Kataria, Sabina Khan, S. Sehgal, S. Jetley
Rationale: In the multi-ethnic population of India, a plethora of variant haemoglobins have been described with HbJ Meerut being a relatively uncommon α-globin variant. It results from mutation at codon 120 of the α globin gene changing the alanine to glutamic acid. We present two cases of HbJ Meerut with varied clinical presentations. Patient Concerns: The first case was a 16 month old boy who presented to the Paediatric outpatient department with cough and anaemia. The second patient was a young male aged 26 years who presented with chief complaints of gastroenteritis in medicine OPD. Complete blood count (CBC), peripheral smear and High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were performed in both the cases. Diagnosis: While Case 1 showed severe microcytic hypochromic anaemia with thrombocytosis, second case revealed normocytic normochromic blood picture. In both the cases, on HPLC pattern a peak in P3 window (retention time of 1.42) was noted suggestive of HbJ Meerut. Intervention: The patients were advised family studies. Outcome: Both the patients were lost to follow up. Lesson: Although HbJ Meerut carries little clinical significance, it is important to be aware of it, as various other alpha- and beta-globin chain variants present with elevated P3 peaks and are distinguished by the differences in their retention time for which HPLC is considered the gold standard.
{"title":"Two interesting cases of a rare haemoglobin variant – Haemoglobin J Meerut with varied clinical presentations","authors":"Aneesha Kataria, Sabina Khan, S. Sehgal, S. Jetley","doi":"10.4103/hmj.hmj_9_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hmj.hmj_9_23","url":null,"abstract":"Rationale: In the multi-ethnic population of India, a plethora of variant haemoglobins have been described with HbJ Meerut being a relatively uncommon α-globin variant. It results from mutation at codon 120 of the α globin gene changing the alanine to glutamic acid. We present two cases of HbJ Meerut with varied clinical presentations. Patient Concerns: The first case was a 16 month old boy who presented to the Paediatric outpatient department with cough and anaemia. The second patient was a young male aged 26 years who presented with chief complaints of gastroenteritis in medicine OPD. Complete blood count (CBC), peripheral smear and High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were performed in both the cases. Diagnosis: While Case 1 showed severe microcytic hypochromic anaemia with thrombocytosis, second case revealed normocytic normochromic blood picture. In both the cases, on HPLC pattern a peak in P3 window (retention time of 1.42) was noted suggestive of HbJ Meerut. Intervention: The patients were advised family studies. Outcome: Both the patients were lost to follow up. Lesson: Although HbJ Meerut carries little clinical significance, it is important to be aware of it, as various other alpha- and beta-globin chain variants present with elevated P3 peaks and are distinguished by the differences in their retention time for which HPLC is considered the gold standard.","PeriodicalId":34280,"journal":{"name":"Hamdan Medical Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"124 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43234708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Gautam, Gautam Jesrani, Daya Sigilipelli, Monica Gupta, Shivam Bansal
Rationale: Splenic abscess is an uncommon condition with a variety of aetiologies. Rare reports of isolated amoebic splenic abscesses in the literature make diagnosis difficult. Patient concerns: A 39-year-old male is reported in this case report as having left upper quadrant abdominal pain and a recent onset of fever. His USG abdomen demonstrated hypoechoic lesions in the spleen, which were confirmed as abscesses on computed tomography. In search of the aetiology, his blood culture was found to be negative, and echocardiography was normal. Due to endemicity, amoebic serology against Entamoeba histolytica was tested but had negative results. Diagnosis: Ultrasound-guided needle aspiration of a splenic abscess was performed, which depicted an anchovy sauce-coloured, thick fluid. The fluid culture was negative, but the real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction for E. histolytica appeared positive. Thus, the diagnosis of a primary isolated amoebic splenic abscess was made. Intervention: Recommended antibiotics were instituted. Outcome: The patient recovered completely. Lessons: The report describes a unique extraintestinal complication of E. histolytica and the clinical hurdles faced for the diagnosis, and knowledge of such a complication can make clinicians more vigilant.
{"title":"Isolated amoebic splenic abscess: A case report on rare entity and diagnostic challenge","authors":"A. Gautam, Gautam Jesrani, Daya Sigilipelli, Monica Gupta, Shivam Bansal","doi":"10.4103/hmj.hmj_116_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hmj.hmj_116_22","url":null,"abstract":"Rationale: Splenic abscess is an uncommon condition with a variety of aetiologies. Rare reports of isolated amoebic splenic abscesses in the literature make diagnosis difficult. Patient concerns: A 39-year-old male is reported in this case report as having left upper quadrant abdominal pain and a recent onset of fever. His USG abdomen demonstrated hypoechoic lesions in the spleen, which were confirmed as abscesses on computed tomography. In search of the aetiology, his blood culture was found to be negative, and echocardiography was normal. Due to endemicity, amoebic serology against Entamoeba histolytica was tested but had negative results. Diagnosis: Ultrasound-guided needle aspiration of a splenic abscess was performed, which depicted an anchovy sauce-coloured, thick fluid. The fluid culture was negative, but the real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction for E. histolytica appeared positive. Thus, the diagnosis of a primary isolated amoebic splenic abscess was made. Intervention: Recommended antibiotics were instituted. Outcome: The patient recovered completely. Lessons: The report describes a unique extraintestinal complication of E. histolytica and the clinical hurdles faced for the diagnosis, and knowledge of such a complication can make clinicians more vigilant.","PeriodicalId":34280,"journal":{"name":"Hamdan Medical Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"121 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41493813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Patient with complete heart block without pacemaker for surgery: An anaesthetist's nightmare","authors":"N. Sasikumar, S. Rajan, Pulak Tosh, Annu Abraham","doi":"10.4103/hmj.hmj_82_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hmj.hmj_82_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34280,"journal":{"name":"Hamdan Medical Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"127 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41513238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Kyerewah-Kersi, Engila Khan, G. Venkatesh, R. Khouzam
Background: APOBEC expression or its hyperactivity is common in breast cancers and plays an essential role in promoting tumour progression and conferring intra-tumoural heterogeneity. Hypoxia or low oxygen is an element that shapes the tumour microenvironment, contributing to its malignancy. There have been hints at hypoxia influencing APOBEC3B activity, but the association in breast cancers is underexplored. Aim and Objectives: This study aims to establish a direct link between hypoxia and APOBEC expression. Materials and Methods: Three breast cancer datasets present on cbioportal were used. The datasets were first individually sorted based on their collective expression of hypoxic genes (Buffa signature) and patients were classified as having low hypoxia (LH) or high hypoxia (HH). The mRNA expression of APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B was compared between the two groups, as was the survival probability. The expression of APOBEC genes was also evaluated using the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in three breast cancer cell lines exposed to normoxic (20% oxygen) or hypoxic conditions, defined as acute (1% oxygen) or chronic (0.1% oxygen). Results: Patients in the HH group displayed significantly higher expression of APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B, as well as worse survival, than patients in the LH group. Expression analysis of APOBECs in breast cancer cell lines showed no significant changes. Conclusion: An association exists between the presence of hypoxia in breast tumours and the expression of APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B. While this could not be shown in vitro, further studies with different breast cancer cell types and varied hypoxic conditions might be necessary to validate the patient findings.
{"title":"Hypoxia is associated with increased expression of APOBEC genes in breast cancer","authors":"S. Kyerewah-Kersi, Engila Khan, G. Venkatesh, R. Khouzam","doi":"10.4103/hmj.hmj_83_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hmj.hmj_83_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: APOBEC expression or its hyperactivity is common in breast cancers and plays an essential role in promoting tumour progression and conferring intra-tumoural heterogeneity. Hypoxia or low oxygen is an element that shapes the tumour microenvironment, contributing to its malignancy. There have been hints at hypoxia influencing APOBEC3B activity, but the association in breast cancers is underexplored. Aim and Objectives: This study aims to establish a direct link between hypoxia and APOBEC expression. Materials and Methods: Three breast cancer datasets present on cbioportal were used. The datasets were first individually sorted based on their collective expression of hypoxic genes (Buffa signature) and patients were classified as having low hypoxia (LH) or high hypoxia (HH). The mRNA expression of APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B was compared between the two groups, as was the survival probability. The expression of APOBEC genes was also evaluated using the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in three breast cancer cell lines exposed to normoxic (20% oxygen) or hypoxic conditions, defined as acute (1% oxygen) or chronic (0.1% oxygen). Results: Patients in the HH group displayed significantly higher expression of APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B, as well as worse survival, than patients in the LH group. Expression analysis of APOBECs in breast cancer cell lines showed no significant changes. Conclusion: An association exists between the presence of hypoxia in breast tumours and the expression of APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B. While this could not be shown in vitro, further studies with different breast cancer cell types and varied hypoxic conditions might be necessary to validate the patient findings.","PeriodicalId":34280,"journal":{"name":"Hamdan Medical Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"94 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42558547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Paranasal sinus mucoceles are benign, expansile and cystic lesions lined with respiratory epithelium containing the mucoid substance. It may happen because of chronic obstruction of the ostia of the paranasal sinus. Mucus accumulation causes enlargement of the mucocele which is thought to be a sine qua non for a such clinical condition. Methods: A comprehensive review of literature was conducted to provide an overview of the current research on the topic, particularly focusing on the paranasal sinus mucoceles. Results: In this review, the epidemiology, aetiopathogenesis, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and current management of paranasal sinus mucoceles are covered. Discussion: The frontal and ethmoidal sinuses are involved more frequently than the maxillary or sphenoid sinuses, despite the possibility of mucoceles there. Paranasal sinus mucoceles may invade nearby vital structures like the orbit and skull base, leading to intraorbital and intracranial complications. The surrounding skeletal structures start to shrink as pressure from the mucocele's ongoing swelling increases, which prompts more bone resorption and remodelling. Depending on where the obstruction is located, thinning of the bone wall over time may permit enlargement of the mucocele in the orbit, nasopharynx and skull. The sole treatment for mucoceles is surgery. With little morbidity and a low recurrence rate, endoscopic surgical techniques for intranasal drainage and mucocele marsupialisation have been combined as the optimum methods for definitive treatment.
{"title":"Paranasal sinus mucoceles: A narrative review","authors":"S. Swain, Debasmita Dubey","doi":"10.4103/hmj.hmj_93_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hmj.hmj_93_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Paranasal sinus mucoceles are benign, expansile and cystic lesions lined with respiratory epithelium containing the mucoid substance. It may happen because of chronic obstruction of the ostia of the paranasal sinus. Mucus accumulation causes enlargement of the mucocele which is thought to be a sine qua non for a such clinical condition. Methods: A comprehensive review of literature was conducted to provide an overview of the current research on the topic, particularly focusing on the paranasal sinus mucoceles. Results: In this review, the epidemiology, aetiopathogenesis, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and current management of paranasal sinus mucoceles are covered. Discussion: The frontal and ethmoidal sinuses are involved more frequently than the maxillary or sphenoid sinuses, despite the possibility of mucoceles there. Paranasal sinus mucoceles may invade nearby vital structures like the orbit and skull base, leading to intraorbital and intracranial complications. The surrounding skeletal structures start to shrink as pressure from the mucocele's ongoing swelling increases, which prompts more bone resorption and remodelling. Depending on where the obstruction is located, thinning of the bone wall over time may permit enlargement of the mucocele in the orbit, nasopharynx and skull. The sole treatment for mucoceles is surgery. With little morbidity and a low recurrence rate, endoscopic surgical techniques for intranasal drainage and mucocele marsupialisation have been combined as the optimum methods for definitive treatment.","PeriodicalId":34280,"journal":{"name":"Hamdan Medical Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"69 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42646181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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