邻里关系升级:支离破碎的全球历史

IF 5 1区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Progress in Planning Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI:10.1016/j.progress.2019.04.002
Richard Harris
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引用次数: 7

摘要

本调查回顾了社区升级的历史和相关问题,社区升级被定义为集中、协调的行动,其主要目的是改善物质和/或社会条件,特别是相对不利的城市分区,以造福现有居民。这项调查汇集了历史学家、社会科学家和政策分析师关于全球北方和南方的支离破碎的相关文献。它考虑了劣势的维度,以及城市环境的特殊条件,社区规模和边界问题,以及针对人群或场所的问题。它回顾了政府为什么采取行动,以及为什么他们可能更喜欢升级而不是放任(忽视)或清除。最长的部分,按历史和世界地区组织,讨论了与社会目标相反的物理目标的变化性质和重要性。在概述过去一个半世纪的主要转变之前,它考虑了参与升级的代理人,包括市政当局,业主,其他居民和非营利组织:从物理目标到社会目标的最终转变,居民的作用日益增强,以及升级本身的重要性日益增加。这些都归因于政府的长期扩张、民主实践的蹒跚兴起、住房所有权的增长、殖民主义的消亡、国际机构的兴起以及最近的环境问题。最后的讨论强调了研究人员和规划人员需要考虑的问题。
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Neighbourhood upgrading: A fragmented global history

This survey reviews the history of, and issues associated with, neighbourhood upgrading, defined as focused, coordinated action whose main purpose is to improve the physical and/or social conditions in particular, relatively disadvantaged urban subareas, for the benefit of existing residents. The survey brings together the fragmented, relevant literatures of historians, social scientists and policy analysts pertaining to both the global North and South. It considers the dimensions of disadvantage, together with the peculiar conditions of urban settings, problems of neighbourhood scale and boundaries, and the targeting of people or places. It reviews why governments act, and why they might prefer upgrading over laissez faire (neglect) or clearance. The longest section, organized historically and by world region, discusses the changing nature and importance of physical as opposed to social goals. It considers the agents involved in upgrading, including municipalities, property owners, other residents, and non-profits, before sketching major shifts over the past century and a half: the eventual shift from physical to social goals, the growing role of residents, and the rising importance of upgrading itself. These are attributed to the long-term expansion of government, the faltering rise of democratic practices, the growth of home ownership, the demise of colonialism, the rise of international agencies, and lately environmental concerns. A concluding discussion highlights issues that researchers and planners need to consider.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
10.70
自引率
1.60%
发文量
26
审稿时长
34 days
期刊介绍: Progress in Planning is a multidisciplinary journal of research monographs offering a convenient and rapid outlet for extended papers in the field of spatial and environmental planning. Each issue comprises a single monograph of between 25,000 and 35,000 words. The journal is fully peer reviewed, has a global readership, and has been in publication since 1972.
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