恰当传统的再造或越南医学的殖民诞生

IF 0.9 3区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Osiris Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI:10.1086/713423
L. Monnais
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引用次数: 2

摘要

本章考察了殖民主义对二十世纪上半叶越南医学“发明”的影响。它更具体地关注两次世界大战期间处理VM的法律框架,当时越南民族主义正在兴起,法国殖民当局正在评估1905年建立的殖民医疗体系Indigène援助(AMI)的“成功”和“失败”。我认为,这项发明同时具有实用性、纲领性和意识形态;它旨在将AMI“归化”,以在帝国框架和法国预算限制下适应当地的医疗需求。这篇文章将政治、制度、专业和治疗空间连接起来,重点介绍了VM不仅被驯化,而且首次在法律上被定义,并在殖民医疗体系中被赋予特定角色的过程。通过分析将VM定义为“传统”、“互补”和“自然”医学的话语,我探讨了科学、毒性和传统在这一背景下的不同含义,以及获得基本护理的问题。我强调越南人民,特别是越南医生和治疗师参与这一进程。在这样做的过程中,本文有助于重新考虑世界范围内的传统医学史学,并强调后殖民主义方法对所谓的补充和替代医学(CAM)史的重要性。最后但同样重要的是,它强调了殖民主义对“民族医学”框架的影响,该框架将在1954年后的越南医疗化和国家建设中发挥关键作用。
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The Reinvention of an Appropriate Tradition or the Colonial Birth of Vietnamese Medicine
This chapter examines the impact of colonialism on the “invention” of Vietnamese medicine (VM) in the first half of the twentieth century. It focuses more specifically on the legal framework dealing with VM in the interwar period, when Vietnamese nationalism was on the rise and French colonial authorities were assessing the “successes” and “failures” of the Assistance Médicale Indigène (AMI), the colonial health care system established in 1905. I argue that this invention was at the same time pragmatic, programmatic, and ideological; it aimed at “naturalizing” the AMI to adapt it to local medical needs within the imperial framework and French budgetary constraints. Bridging political, institutional, professional, and therapeutic spaces, this article brings into focus the process whereby VM was not only domesticated, but legally defined for the first time and given specific roles within the colonial health care system. Analysing the discourses framing VM as a “traditional,” “complementary,” and “natural” medicine, I explore the different meanings of science, toxicity, and tradition in this context, as well as the issue of accessibility to essential care. I emphasize the participation of the Vietnamese population, especially Vietnamese doctors and healers, in this process. In so doing, this article helps to reconsider the historiography of traditional medicine worldwide and underlines the importance of a postcolonial approach to a much-needed history of so-called complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Last but not least, it highlights the impact of colonialism on the framing of a “national medicine” that would play a crucial role in post-1954 Vietnam medicalization and nation building.
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来源期刊
Osiris
Osiris 管理科学-科学史与科学哲学
CiteScore
1.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
18
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Founded in 1936 by George Sarton, and relaunched by the History of Science Society in 1985, Osiris is an annual thematic journal that highlights research on significant themes in the history of science. Recent volumes have included Scientific Masculinities, History of Science and the Emotions, and Data Histories.
期刊最新文献
Front and Back Matter Notes on the Contributors Acknowledgments Statecraft by Algorithms Introduction
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