从战士到士兵:军事后勤正规化与军事医学的出现。阿玛托尔的案例(约1800-1831年)

Q3 Arts and Humanities Historein Pub Date : 2022-01-07 DOI:10.12681/historein.25351
Athanasios Barlagiannis
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引用次数: 0

摘要

这篇文章探讨了奥斯曼帝国军事和医疗改革的巧合,这发生在19世纪之交,通过将这两项发展与军营供应的稳定流动问题联系起来。组织一支常备军以取代当地战士的军事力量(如鲁米利亚的装甲部队)的意图,是以权力来源的垄断和后勤的正规化为前提的。结果,随着自由战士逐渐远离战争手段,他们变成了顺从的士兵。内科医生和外科医生一度被整合到帝国的军队中,以便成功地组织他们的后勤,并将战争手段的定义扩大到包括士兵的身体——从而加强了军事纪律的力量。1821年希腊革命爆发前,总督约阿尼斯·卡波迪斯特里亚斯(1828-1831)就得出结论,军事医学是军医转变过程的副产品。最后,这篇文章开启了关于从帝国到国家过渡的政治、医学、文化和军事影响的讨论,以及在这种背景下军事医学的出现。
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From Warriors to Soldiers: Regularising Military Logistics and the Emergence of Military Medicine. The Case of the Armatoles (c. 1800–1831)
The article explores the coincidence of military and medical reforms in the Ottoman Empire, which occurred around the turn of the nineteenth century, by connecting both developments to the question of the steady flow of supplies to military camps. The intention to organise a standing army to replace the military force of local warriors, like the armatoles in Rumelia, presupposed the monopolisation of sources of power and the regularisation of logistics. As a result, free warriors became obedient soldiers as they were progressively alienated from the means of warfare. Physicians and surgeons were integrated at one point into the armies of the empire in order to successfully organise their logistics and to expand the definition of the means of warfare to include the soldier’s body – intensifying thus the forces of military discipline. Military medicine was the byproduct of a transformation process that the armatoles were already undergoing before the 1821 Greek Revolution and that Governor Ioannis Kapodistrias (1828–1831) concluded. Ultimately, the article opens up the discussion about the political, medical, cultural and military implications of the transition from the empire to the state and of the emergence in this context of military medicine.
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来源期刊
Historein
Historein Arts and Humanities-History
CiteScore
0.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
22
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