Potential of Single Garlic to Prevent Pro Inflammatory Macrophage and Inflammation in HFD Mice

A high-fat-enriched diet causes an increase in the level of oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL) in the blood. The presence of Ox-LDL will activate macrophages to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and lead to severe inflammation. Single bulb garlic has a potential anti-inflammatory effect due to of high-fat diet. This research aimed to investigate the effect of single bulb garlic extract (SBGE) on the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α (CD11bTNF-α) and IL-1b (CD11bIL-1b) in the spleen, spleen weight, and TNFα secretion in HFD mice. Twenty-four mice were divided into six groups: normal (healthy mice); HFD (HFD mice without any treatment); HFD + Simvastatin (HFD mice receiving simvastatin); HFD + SBGE 100; HFD + SBGE 200; and HFD + SBGE 400 (HFD mice receiving 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW of SBGE for 4 weeks). Blood serum was collected at the end of treatment, and macrophage was isolated from the spleen. The relative number of CD11bTNF-α and CD11bIL-1b were examined using flow cytometry. SBGE treatment significantly (p<0.05) reduced the spleen weight and the relative number of CD11bTNF-α and CD11bIL-1b in the spleen of HFD mice. SBGE treatment also prevents the elevation of TNFα levels in the blood serum. The optimal dose of SBGE to diminish the relative number of CD11bTNFα, CD11bIL-1b in the spleen, and TNF-α in the serum was 100 mg/kg BW.