围护:一种符号学方法

IF 0.7 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Word Structure Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI:10.3366/word.2022.0199
Tim Zingler
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引用次数: 2

摘要

本文从跨语言的角度探讨了修饰语所表达的意义,以期解释这一罕见的形式现象。通过对数百种语言的研究表明,修饰语表达否定的频率相对高于其他功能,其次是广泛的词性和衍生意义,以及一些更具体的功能,如形容词程度或序数的形成。虽然在许多不相关的语言和所有宏观领域中都发现了限定词,但它们仍然聚集在特定的家庭中,这表明它们的历时性出现是罕见的,而不是它们本身的共时性分布。修饰语的语义贡献可以用不同的历时机制来解释。负环被认为最终遵循负循环,而编码其他功能的环被认为是从功能兼容的变体的积累中出现的,就像某些方面和时间标记的情况一样。此外,也有一些证据表明,空变体可能被重新解释为环的一部分。所有这些过程都进一步受到这样一个事实的限制,即开发外围的一半必须是前缀。由于前缀总体上比较少见,所以通常不满足这个限定的必要条件。另一方面,前缀相对频繁地表达否定,这有助于进一步解释为什么修饰词与这个特定的语义领域有很强的联系。
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Circumfixation: A semasiological approach
This paper investigates what kinds of meanings are expressed by circumfixes cross-linguistically, with an eye toward explaining this rare formal phenomenon. Based on the study of several hundred languages, it shows that circumfixes express negation relatively more often than other functions, followed by a wide array of TAME and derivational meanings and some more specific functions such as adjectival degree or the formation of ordinal numerals. While circumfixes are found in many unrelated languages and in all macro-areas, they nevertheless cluster in specific families, which suggests that it is their diachronic emergence that is rare rather than their synchronic distribution per se. The semantic contributions of circumfixes are explained by different diachronic mechanisms. Negative circumfixes are argued to ultimately follow from the negative cycle, whereas circumfixes encoding other functions are claimed to emerge from the cumulation of functionally compatible morphs, as in the case of certain aspectual and temporal markers. In addition, there is also some evidence that empty morphs may be reinterpreted as parts of circumfixes. All these processes are further constrained by the fact that one half of the developing circumfix has to be a prefix. Since prefixes are relatively rare overall, this necessary condition for circumfixation often is not met. On the other hand, prefixes express negation relatively frequently, and this helps to further explain why circumfixes have strong ties to this particular semantic domain.
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来源期刊
Word Structure
Word Structure LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS-
CiteScore
1.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
10
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