用人类粪便和尿液制成的生物肥料改良粉壤土中肠道细菌和病毒的命运

Priscila Carlon , Fernanda Daniela Gonçalves Ferreira , Cacea Furlan Maggi Carloto , Gislaine Fongaro , Maria Elisa Magri
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引用次数: 0

摘要

由于人体排泄物的营养和有机物含量,可以用作生物肥料。尽管如此,应该调查微生物的行为,因为肠道病原体可以在土壤中积累。因此,我们评估了两种肠道细菌(大肠杆菌和肠沙门氏菌)和两种肠道病毒替代品(MS2和ΦX-174噬菌体)作为四种生物肥料的污染物施用于莴苣生产时的存活和运输。采用随机区组设计(RBD), 6个处理,3个重复,在室外溶渗仪中进行复填粉壤土试验。生物肥料为经尿素处理的粪便、与有机废物堆肥的粪便、储存的液体尿液和鸟粪石,分别接种大肠杆菌和噬菌体菌株106 ~ 107 cfu/pfu g−1和肠链球菌107 ~ 109 cfu/pfu g−1。堆肥后的土壤中微生物的T90降低率最低,大肠杆菌为10.2天,肠球菌为11.9天,MS2为22.2天,ΦX-174为3.7天。尿素处理过的粪便暂时阻碍了大肠杆菌和肠球菌在土壤中的生长和存活。然而,这两种细菌在一个月后都存在,而MS2在这种生物肥料中表现出稳定的浓度。大肠杆菌在尿液中表现出稳定的行为,而MS2在经尿素处理的粪便、尿液和鸟粪石中表现稳定。ΦX-174和肠球菌不被认为是食品生产过程中土壤中大多数耐药肠道病原体行为的良好代表,因为它们在渗滤液中未被检测到,并且在土壤中表现出快速死亡。与MS2相比,大肠杆菌的浸出速度更快,浓度更高,MS2在10 ~ 20 cm土层中浓度更高。因此,使用尿液、鸟粪石和尿素处理过的面部意味着更高的感染机会,因为在36天的实验中没有观察到十进制的减少时间。因此,在短期培养中,建议采取额外的卫生屏障以避免感染,因为在实验结束时仍检测到大肠杆菌和MS2。建议在施肥和收获之间间隔90天,以防止病原体感染。这些结果是对用于粮食生产的人类排泄物生物肥料进行定量风险评估的基础。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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Fate of enteric bacteria and viruses in silt loam soil amended with biofertilizers made from human feces and urine for crop production

Human excreta can be used as biofertilizers due to their nutrient and organic matter content. Nevertheless, the behavior of microorganisms should be investigated, as enteric pathogens can accumulate in the soil. Therefore, we evaluated the survival and transport of two enteric bacteria (E. coli and Salmonella enterica) and two enteric virus surrogates (MS2 and ΦX-174 bacteriophages) when applied as contaminants of four biofertilizers on Lactuca sativa production. The study was carried out in lysimeters outdoors with repacked silt loam soil, using a randomized block design (RBD) with six treatments and three replicates. Biofertilizers were urea-treated feces, feces composted with organic waste, stored liquid urine, and struvite and were inoculated at 106–107 cfu/pfu g−1 of E. coli and bacteriophages strains and 107–109 of S. enterica. Soil amended with composted feces exhibited the lowest decimal reductions (T90) for the microorganisms evaluated, with 10.2 days for E. coli, 11.9 days for S. enterica, 22.2 days for MS2, and 3.7 days for ΦX-174. Urea-treated feces temporarily hindered the growth and survival of E. coli and S. enterica in the soil. However, both bacteria were present after one month, while MS2 showed a stable concentration with this biofertilizer. E. coli presented a stable behavior when applied with urine, whereas MS2 was stable with urea-treated feces, urine, and struvite. ΦX-174 and S. enterica were not considered good representatives of most resistant enteric pathogens’ behavior in the soil during food production since they were not detected in leachate and showed a rapid die-off in soil. E. coli leached faster and in higher concentrations than MS2, which presented higher concentrations in deeper soil layers, from 10 to 20 cm. Therefore, using urine, struvite, and urea-treated faces implied a higher chance of infection, as a decimal reduction time was not observed during the 36 days of the experiment. As a result, in short-term cultures, it is recommended that additional hygiene barriers are taken to avoid infection since E. coli and MS2 were still detected at the end of the experiment. An interval of 90 days between fertilizing and harvesting is recommended to prevent pathogen infection. These results are the basis for a quantitative risk assessment of human excreta-based biofertilizers for food production.

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来源期刊
Hygiene and environmental health advances
Hygiene and environmental health advances Environmental Science (General)
CiteScore
1.10
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0
审稿时长
38 days
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