Serum levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in cutaneous warts after microneedling-assisted topical bleomycin as a novel modality

Background Plantar warts are a common viral infection affecting adults and children. Many studies concerning bleomycin show discrepancies in cure rates. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays an important role in the skin regarding inflammation and immune response. However, little is known about its relation to cutaneous warts. Aim To assess serum MIF levels in patients with common warts before and after treatment by microneedling-assisted topical bleomycin (MATB). Patients and methods This quasi experimental study included 33 patients with cutaneous warts treated by MATB. MIF levels were assessed before and after treatment. Results The mean serum MIF level was significantly lower before bleomycin treatment and increased after treatment. Conclusion The serum MIF has a role in the immunity against human papillomavirus infection and MATB is a promising noninvasive therapeutic modality for cutaneous warts.