涉及上帝、魔鬼、灵魂和命运的信仰和经验:社会、动机和认知预测

IF 1.7 2区 哲学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY International Journal for the Psychology of Religion Pub Date : 2022-04-18 DOI:10.1080/10508619.2022.2061151
J. Wilt, Nick Stauner, Julie J. Exline
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引用次数: 4

摘要

摘要许多人相信超自然的实体,可能是个人的(神、鬼、鬼),也可能是非个人的(命运、因果报应、运气)。有些人认为这些实体会引发世界上的事件,包括他们自己生活中的经历。我们的研究利用社会、动机和认知框架来预测涉及超自然实体的信仰和经历。我们假设,对特定实体(上帝、魔鬼、鬼魂/灵魂、命运/命运的非个人力量、运气和因果报应)的信仰的积极预测因素包括在生命早期接受关于这些实体的教育,预测同龄人对自己信仰的积极反应,以及希望相信这些实体。我们还提出,对特定实体的信念,以及这些实体可以影响自然世界的信念,将预测与这些实体的更多感知体验。我们在两个本科生样本(N=475和290)中预先登记并测试了这些假设。路径分析结果在实体间基本一致。在生命早期被教导相信某个特定的实体可以预测当前相信该实体的愿望,但同龄人的预期反应却没有。当前的信仰欲望反过来强烈预测了对实体的信仰,相信实体可以影响自然世界,以及对实体的感知体验。对超自然实体的信仰有力地预测了与它们的感知体验。这些结果绘制了超自然归因相对稳定的预测因素之间的关系结构,重点是社会、认知和动机因素,并提出了一些可能发展这种信念和经历的合理途径。
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Beliefs and Experiences Involving God, the Devil, Spirits, and Fate: Social, Motivational, and Cognitive Predictors
ABSTRACT Many people believe in supernatural entities, which might be personal (deities, devils, ghosts) or impersonal (fate/destiny, karma, luck). Some people see such entities as causing events in the world, including experiences in their own lives. Our study draws on social, motivational, and cognitive frameworks to predict beliefs and experiences involving supernatural entities. We hypothesized that positive predictors of beliefs in specific entities (God, the devil, ghosts/spirits, impersonal forces of fate/destiny, luck and karma) would include being taught about the entities early in life, anticipating positive reactions from peers about one’s beliefs, and wanting to believe in such entities. We also proposed that beliefs in specific entities, along with beliefs that such entities can affect the natural world, would predict more perceived experiences with these entities. We preregistered and tested these hypotheses in two samples (Ns = 475 and 290) of undergraduates. Path analytic results were largely consistent across entities. Being taught to believe in a specific entity early in life predicted current desire to believe in the entity but anticipated reactions from peers did not. Current desire to believe, in turn, strongly predicted belief in the entity, belief that the entity can affect the natural world, and perceived experiences with the entity. Belief in supernatural entities strongly predicted perceived experiences with them. These results map the structure of relations between relatively stable predictors of supernatural attributions, with an emphasis on social, cognitive, and motivational factors, and they suggest some plausible pathways by which such beliefs and experiences might develop.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.20
自引率
4.50%
发文量
15
期刊介绍: The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion (IJPR) is devoted to psychological studies of religious processes and phenomena in all religious traditions. This journal provides a means for sustained discussion of psychologically relevant issues that can be examined empirically and concern religion in the most general sense. It presents articles covering a variety of important topics, such as the social psychology of religion, religious development, conversion, religious experience, religion and social attitudes and behavior, religion and mental health, and psychoanalytic and other theoretical interpretations of religion. The journal publishes research reports, brief research reports, commentaries on relevant topical issues, book reviews, and statements addressing articles published in previous issues. The journal may also include a major essay and commentaries, perspective papers of the theory, and articles on the psychology of religion in a specific country.
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