Shaking table tests of large cross-sectional multi-crack tunnel linings

To study the dynamic response law of large-section cracked lining structures under seismic waves, comparative tests of large-scale shaker tunnel models of non-destructive lining structure (model 1), a crack in the vault of the lining structure (model 2), and two parallel cracks in the vault of the lining structure (model 3) were carried out by applying 0.1-1.0 g progressively increasing the peak acceleration of the input waves. This paper visually showed the distribution of cracks in three groups of the lining structures. In addition, the acceleration response of the lining and surrounding rock, dynamic soil pressure, the dynamic strain on the inner and outer surfaces of the lining, and dynamic internal force variation were obtained, and the seismic performance of three groups of lining structures was discussed. The results showed that the seismic weak positions of model 1 were the arch shoulder and the arch foot, the seismic weak positions of model 2 were the arch shoulder, the arch foot, the initial damage area, and the inverted arch, and the seismic weak positions of model 3 were the positions of the arch foot, the cracks of the vault, the inverted arch, and the arch wall. The soil pressure values at the vault of three groups of models were model 2 > model 1 > model 3 in turn. The surrounding rock amplified the input seismic waves. With the gradual increase of the peak acceleration, the seismic energy was gradually consumed due to plastic damage to the lining structure or the loosening and destruction of the overlying soil, resulting in the acceleration amplification coefficient value of the surrounding rock in the upper part of the lining structure showing a changing trend of first increasing and then decreasing. When the peak acceleration was 0.2 g, the crack propagation phenomenon occurs in the initial crack position of model 2 and model 3. When the peak acceleration was 0.4 g, the cracking phenomenon occurs at the right arch foot of model 1. The above phenomenon confirmed the conclusion that cracks can weaken the seismic performance of the structure. When the peak acceleration was 0.8 g, the peak values of the amplification coefficient of the lining at the inverted arch and near the filled soil surface were about 1.2 and 1.6 respectively. The research results can provide a reference for the seismic performance evaluation of cracked tunnels.