以光疗为基础的性传播感染治疗——照亮未开发的领域

Nour Mammari, Michael R Hamblin, Pauline Rauger, L. Boyer, M. Varbanov
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引用次数: 1

摘要

迫切需要新的治疗策略来克服某些感染,特别是性传播感染(STI)治疗的缺点。性传播感染很容易通过各种细菌、病毒和寄生虫的传播传播,其中一些感染是无法治愈甚至致命的,对全球生殖健康造成严重影响。光疗(PT)是一种主要的治疗方法,基于可控地给予可见光、近红外或紫外光谱的光,无论是否使用外部光敏剂。尽管PT在控制性传播感染方面尚未充分发挥其潜力,但它已经证明了良好的临床反应率和较低的生殖器感染复发率。例如,越来越多的证据表明,5-氨基乙酰丙酸光动力疗法(5-ALA-PDT)通过消除潜在的人类乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染,以及对复发性生殖器单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)感染的抗病毒治疗,对治疗尖锐湿疣(CA)是有效的。PDT的临床应用是治疗由白色念珠菌引起的成人获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)患者和人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)口腔真菌感染的一种新方法,也可用于生殖器真菌感染。另一种抗菌PT策略,水过滤红外A与可见光照射相结合,已被证明对生殖器沙眼衣原体细菌感染有效,并设计了一种光学纳米基因传感器用于诊断滴虫病,一种寄生性阴道毛滴虫感染。这篇综述旨在总结PT治疗性传播感染的有效性以及抑制各种类型的性传播感染相关病原体的已发表证据。
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Phototherapy-Based Treatment for Sexually Transmitted Infections—Shining Light into Unexplored Territory
New therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to overcome drawbacks in the treatment of some infections, particularly sexually transmitted infections (STI). STIs are easily spread by the transmission of various bacteria, viruses, and parasites with some of the infections being incurable or even lethal, leading to a serious impact on reproductive health worldwide. Phototherapy (PT) is a major therapeutic approach based on the controlled administration of light in the visible, near infrared, or UV spectrum, with or without the application of an external photosensitizer. Despite the fact that PT has not been explored to its full potential in the control of STIs, it has already demonstrated good clinical response rates and lower recurrence rates in genital infections. For instance, increasing evidence has demonstrated that 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (5-ALA-PDT) is effective in the treatment of condyloma acuminatum (CA), by eliminating the causative latent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and also in the antiviral treatment of recurrent genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections. The clinical application of PDT is a new treatment for oral fungal infection caused by Candida albicans in adult acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and could also be used for genital fungal infections. Another antimicrobial PT strategy, water-filtered infrared A combined with visible light irradiation, has been shown to be effective against genital Chlamydia trachomatis bacterial infection, and an optical nano-genosensor has been designed for the diagnosis of trichomoniasis, a parasitic Trichomonas vaginalis infection. This review aims to summarize the published evidence for the effectiveness of PT in the treatment of STIs, and for the suppression of STI-related pathogens of various types.
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