有机化学中的硼烷

2区 化学 Q1 Chemistry Advances in Organometallic Chemistry Pub Date : 2019-06-30 DOI:10.7591/9781501741432
H. Brown
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引用次数: 25

摘要

出版商摘要本章讨论了有机化学中的硼烷、作为还原剂的乙硼烷、铀的挥发性化合物、乙硼烷的碱金属氢化物方法以及碱金属硼氢化物。对溶剂的探索导致发现硼氢化钠是一种极好的醛酮还原剂。寻找提高硼氢化钠还原能力的催化剂导致油酸乙酯还原的异常结果。对这一异常结果的调查导致了硼氢化的发现。硼氢化使有机硼烷首次易于获得。这导致了对有机硼烷化学的系统探索,并确立了它们构成目前最通用的有机金属的事实。本章描述了分子加成化合物和空间菌株、溶剂解中的空间辅助、非经典离子问题、选择性还原、硼氢化和多功能有机硼烷。在理论方面,研究胺与三甲基硼烷、三氟化硼和硼烷的加成化合物的离解为空间菌株的研究提供了一种新的定量方法。这些研究很快消除了人们对空间效应在化学行为中重要性的怀疑,并导致了对相关碳化合物的研究,并确定空间效应是其行为中的一个重要因素。这些研究的一个阶段涉及高度支化的叔卤化物和相关衍生物的空间辅助电离。
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Boranes in Organic Chemistry
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses boranes in organic chemistry, diborane as a reducing agent, volatile compounds of uranium, the alkali metal hydride approach to diborane, and alkali metal borohydrides. The search for solvents led to the discovery of sodium borohydride's being an excellent reducing agent for aldehydes and ketones. The search for catalysts to enhance the reducing power of sodium borohydride led to an anomalous result in the reduction of ethyl oleate. Investigation of this anomalous result led to the discovery of hydroboration. Hydroboration made the organoboranes readily available for the first time. This led to a systematic exploration of the chemistry of the organoboranes and established the fact that they constitute the most versatile organometallic available currently. The chapter describes molecular addition compounds and steric strains, steric assistance in solvolysis, the nonclassical ion problem, selective reductions, hydroboration, and versatile organoboranes. On the theoretical side, study of the dissociation of addition compounds of amines with trimethylborane, boron trifluoride, and borane provides a new quantitative approach to steric strains. These studies quickly removed doubts as to the importance of steric effects in chemical behavior and led to the study of related carbon compounds and the establishment of steric effects as an important factor in their behavior. One phase of these studies involved steric assistance to ionization in highly branched tertiary halides and related derivatives.
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来源期刊
Advances in Organometallic Chemistry
Advances in Organometallic Chemistry 化学-无机化学与核化学
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
14
期刊介绍: Advances in Organometallic Chemistry publishes authoritative and general reviews on many aspects of Organometallic Chemistry of transition and main group elements. Synthesis, chemical reactivity, uses in catalysis, mechanistic experimental or theoretical studies are among the topics covered.
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