历史再书写:美国贸易和工业政策的误解与新自由主义的影响

IF 0.4 Q4 ECONOMICS Review of Economic Perspectives Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI:10.2478/revecp-2021-0001
T. Taylor, Amanda Montera
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要关于美国经济史,主流观念和现实之间存在着差距。公众、媒体甚至一些学者普遍认为,美国从联盟成立之初就通过采用完全自由市场的原则积累了财富和繁荣。这与现实相去甚远。自1980年以来,美国政府采取的政策在很大程度上支持自由市场意识形态,可以归类为新自由主义。然而,正如Chang(2002)、Cohen和DeLong(2016)所表明的那样,在经济发展的早期阶段和中等收入国家的关键时刻,美国的记录是政府积极干预目标行业,建立重要的机构来补充自由市场竞争,以及广泛使用贸易保护来支持新兴产业。这种误解对当今发展中国家产生了重大影响,这些国家通常被建议采取新自由主义政策,而没有充分考虑到经济发展的特殊阶段。本文通过考察美国工业和贸易政策的理论基础和历史记录,记录了这些误解。我们通过分析两个促成因素:新自由主义的兴起和标准经济学课程,详细说明了这种误解是如何广泛存在并最终进入决策的。
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History Re-Written: Misconceptions of U.S. Trade and Industrial Policy and the Influence of Neoliberalism
Abstract A disparity exists between mainstream perception and reality with regard to American economic history. There is widespread belief among the public, media, and even some scholars that the U.S. amassed its wealth and prosperity from the adoption of exclusively free-market principles from the onset of the union. This is far from reality. Since 1980, the U.S. government has adopted policies that largely support the free-market ideology and can be classified as neoliberal. However, As Chang (2002) and Cohen and DeLong (2016) have shown, during the early stages of economic development and critical junctures whilst a middle-income country, the U.S. record is one of active government intervention in targeted industries, the creation of important institutions to complement free-market competition, and the widespread use of trade protection in support of infant industries. This misconception has significant ramifications for present-day developing countries, which are routinely advised to adopt neoliberal policies with insufficient regard for the idiosyncratic stage of economic development. This paper documents the misconceptions by examining the theoretical basis and historical record of U.S. industrial and trade policy. We detail how this misconception became widespread and ultimately entered policymaking by analyzing two contributing factors: the rise of neoliberalism, and the standard economics curriculum.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
10
审稿时长
38 weeks
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